追寻黄檗希运禅师的踪迹

晴天780 发表于 2022-11-30 17:42:58

<style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010499" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010499"> <div class="preview_article ">  不经一番寒彻骨怎得梅花扑鼻香 这是大家耳熟能详、传颂千载的诗句，出自唐代黄檗希运禅师的《上堂开示颂》，而这位黄檗希运禅师正是福清人。今年出刊的《黄檗学特刊·隐元禅师纪念号》刊载了李斗石教授的译文《黄檗希运禅师与母亲的故事》。据李教授介绍，这篇文章原载于日本大正六年（1917年）出版的《可怜而悲壮的因缘》（日本河内国本教寺善沢宽成编），此书曾被指定为日本中学《修身》课程的课外读本。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20221130174007front1_0_155891_FgHBK5GlqGJzGu7UTojgHDBoriB-.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="400" height="539" data-qf-origin="forum/20221130174007front1_0_155891_FgHBK5GlqGJzGu7UTojgHDBoriB-.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /> 希运度母 《祖堂集》是日本学者在20世纪20年代于朝鲜发现的现存最早的禅宗史书，书中记载黄檗希运禅师身长七尺，额有肉珠。他的《传心法要》直指人心，是禅的要谛和思想基础。他开创了黄檗禅，开启了临济宗风，是我国历史上一代高僧大德，也是禅宗史上承上启下的宗门大匠。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20221130174026front1_0_155891_Fu54MNQwkCjsITrVkIXB_4M1wv4p.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="829" height="553" data-qf-origin="forum/20221130174026front1_0_155891_Fu54MNQwkCjsITrVkIXB_4M1wv4p.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />黄檗禅师和他母亲的故事，又称“希运度母”“黄檗引导”。丁福保《佛学大词典》解释，这个故事是“指黄檗希运禅师为母引导之故事。黄檗，闽人，幼年出家，其母哀念而失明。黄檗参礼百丈，得悟后归省，母子虽相见，然互不相识。乡人告之，其母恍然追至福清渡畔，不幸跌溺。黄檗隔岸见之，不禁哀曰：‘一子出家，九族生天；若不生天，诸佛妄言！’乃投炬入河，为母引导。自此，福清渡又改名为大义渡，而此一典故又称黄檗引导。”<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20221130174049front1_0_155891_Fl9g-ayc5p-75K9nOEItp4gfBYUT.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="1439" data-qf-origin="forum/20221130174049front1_0_155891_Fl9g-ayc5p-75K9nOEItp4gfBYUT.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /> <img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20221130174109front1_0_155891_Fgo-Afbf1HJOfkPRPqDAoBnpkJql.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1280" height="797" data-qf-origin="forum/20221130174109front1_0_155891_Fgo-Afbf1HJOfkPRPqDAoBnpkJql.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />邑之西溪 成书于五代时期的《祖堂集》也是最早记载黄檗希运禅师的古籍。此书卷十六记载：“黄檗和尚，师讳希运，福州闽县人也，自少于黄檗寺出家。”丁福保《佛学大词典》记载，黄檗禅师是“闽人”，但没有说明具体是哪里。黄檗希运禅师到底是哪里人呢？一直以来说法不一，而且能看到的记载都比较笼统。《宋高僧传》和《五灯会元》说他是“闽人”，《古尊宿语录》说他是“福州人”，有的古籍根本不说他是哪里人，甚至有的文献说他是江西人。康熙、乾隆两部《福清县志》，也都没有关于黄檗希运禅师的记载。有的网上资料介绍，黄檗希运禅师的老家是福清江阴，还有说他出生在一个叫“茶亭”的村子。 即非如一禅师修纂的《福清县志续略》，其中卷十二人物类——“黄檗希运禅师”一条有这样的记载：“师，邑之西溪林氏子。”简明扼要的八个字，清楚说明了黄檗希运禅师的家乡所在。接下来还记载了裴休初见黄檗禅师，以及在黄檗禅师“裴公在甚么处？”顿问下，开悟有省的故事。唐宣宗皇帝听到这件事，把黄檗禅师“迎入禁中，受戒三日，指师谓裴相曰：黄檗僧宝，诚国宝也。”<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20221130174113front1_0_155891_FsyudTiyaGoYAH38khgWrwhfUy8f.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="1439" data-qf-origin="forum/20221130174113front1_0_155891_FsyudTiyaGoYAH38khgWrwhfUy8f.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /> 大义渡口 黄檗希运禅师的祖籍解决了，那么黄檗禅师“度母”的“大义渡”在哪里？黄檗书院研究员王赞成老师介绍，大义渡位于福建闽江支流义溪旁边，通往省会福州，是唐宋以来南北交通的要道。其遗迹在于今日闽侯县青口镇大义村。村子里有一座观音桥，桥头树立着一块明代“中溪桥记”石碑，碑文开篇就是这样一句话：“中溪桥北五里为大义渡”。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20221130174138front1_0_155891_FrpVBJ8f4C-L5ltmodFQmFfLOCt2.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="2068" data-qf-origin="forum/20221130174138front1_0_155891_FrpVBJ8f4C-L5ltmodFQmFfLOCt2.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /> <img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20221130174138front1_0_155891_FkFJp6QJMSvHVUN8ZKf0IUgyMzee.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1280" height="960" data-qf-origin="forum/20221130174138front1_0_155891_FkFJp6QJMSvHVUN8ZKf0IUgyMzee.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />今年夏日，我们来到闽侯青口大义村，走访了船尾村村干部老叶，他帮我们找来了80岁的乡贤叶元注和79岁的叶诺云。两位老人家介绍大义渡是过去莆田、福清人去往福州的必由之路，也是南来之人北上江西浙江的唯一水路。而福清人来大义渡，都是从西溪登上古驿道，翻山即可到青口东台村台岭自然村，出村下山不远就是大义渡。大义渡的位置与历史上的福莆古道（福州南驿道——闽侯大田驿——相思岭——福清宏路驿——渔溪——蒜岭——莆田）的线位走向相契合。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20221130174201front1_0_155891_FprdsXkjkRd85nGSACXsXrDxmmBS.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1280" height="1049" data-qf-origin="forum/20221130174201front1_0_155891_FprdsXkjkRd85nGSACXsXrDxmmBS.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />事隔四个月后，我们再次来闽侯，盘山而行，到达台岭村。我们来到一处门牌为42号的山间小院，院外是一条青石铺成的古道。主人正在修篱笆，他告诉我们，这条青石板路就是通往福清的古道，过去福清人去福州坐船，就是从这里下山到渡口，老辈人也是从这条古道去福清卖山货。从地理位置上看，大义渡就在福清西溪的北面，两个地方就隔着一座小山脉。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20221130174212front1_0_155891_Fucc2En5fugLLt35Ik4XLkFOQULL.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1280" height="960" data-qf-origin="forum/20221130174212front1_0_155891_Fucc2En5fugLLt35Ik4XLkFOQULL.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />最是乡愁 历代众多禅师都以《大义渡》为名写过诗偈，记述黄檗禅师的母亲在大义渡望断天涯，等待黄檗禅师归来的场景。 毒海禅师有颂云：濯足机先被热瞒，黄金之义铁心肝。十成报德酬恩句，万古一江风月寒。 文礼禅师颂云：白头望断万重山，旷劫恩波竭底干。不是胸中藏五逆，出家端的报亲难。 隐元禅师曾作《颂黄檗运和尚隔江度母因缘》：天伦义重两相关，万里闻风特地还。一掷隔江三昧火，顿超天上与人间。 即非如禅师写过《题断际运和尚度母图》：黄金铸就铁心肝，半偈惊开佛祖关。母德如天酬已竟，无双孝道载三山。 日本景徐周麟禅师写过《大义渡，依茂叔韵》：昔年黄檗出游方，母老思之倚绣床。大义渡头天不远，飘飘水佩映风裳。 日本天隐龙泽禅师《大义渡，为天用居士三十三年忌拈香》： 一梦入门墓草荒，伤心三十有三霜。依然九族生天去，大义渡头秋月凉。 希运渡母，孝义千秋。后世之人追慕黄檗禅师，“福清渡”变成“大义渡”，逐渐成为乡愁和孝义的象征。 百里植松 大义渡还与蔡襄“百里植松”的故事有关。蔡襄是北宋政治家、书法家，曾出知泉州、福州，《宋史·蔡襄传》记载，在泉州洛阳桥建成之后：又植松七百里以庇道路，闽人刻碑纪德。自此形成一条自福州至泉州、漳州，绵延南北的林荫大道。这里的百姓用《颂蔡君谟》这样一首歌谣，感念这位造福一方的贤官：道边松，大义渡至漳泉东。问谁植之我蔡公，岁久广阴如云浓。甘裳蔽芾安可同，委蛇夭矫腾苍龙。行人六月不知暑，千古万古长清风。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20221130174243front1_0_155891_FudRkp5f66DA1etRYPRj7wEzXDy-.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1280" height="960" data-qf-origin="forum/20221130174243front1_0_155891_FudRkp5f66DA1etRYPRj7wEzXDy-.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />  图源、撰文：黄檗禅文化研究院副院长白撞雨高山 </div>

改个名字太麻烦 发表于 2022-11-30 20:40:38

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YKQ0327 发表于 2022-11-30 22:08:25

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LYly 发表于 2022-12-1 06:19:05

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梦想何先生 发表于 2022-12-1 08:33:17

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暖心发表于 2022-12-1 11:29:09

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Snkrs 发表于 2022-12-2 09:41:25

感谢分享了

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追寻黄檗希运禅师的踪迹