正月十五在福清，不过元宵做上元
<p><br/></p><section style="justify-content: flex-end; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; line-height: 0; height: auto; padding: 3px; margin: 0px; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(254, 78, 47) 13%, rgb(255, 201, 124) 88%); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; padding: 17px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; border-color: rgb(255, 210, 130); border-radius: 11px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: flex; width: 100%; flex-flow: column; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="z-index: 2; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;">正月十五元宵节，是中国一个重要的传统节日。宋代以前，元宵节多称“元夜”“元夕”“上元”，两宋以后的文献则多见“元宵”一词。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-end; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 0px 0px -10px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="transform: rotateY(180deg); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 6px; height: 6px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-left-radius: 105px; border-bottom-right-radius: 105px; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(254, 78, 47) 13%, rgb(255, 201, 124) 88%); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 6px; height: 6px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-left-radius: 105px; border-bottom-right-radius: 105px; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(254, 78, 47) 13%, rgb(255, 201, 124) 88%); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; transform: rotateX(180deg); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="transform: rotateY(180deg); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 6px; height: 6px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-left-radius: 105px; border-bottom-right-radius: 105px; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(254, 78, 47) 13%, rgb(255, 201, 124) 88%); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 6px; height: 6px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-left-radius: 105px; border-bottom-right-radius: 105px; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(254, 78, 47) 13%, rgb(255, 201, 124) 88%); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; padding: 0px 0px 0px 6px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="transform: rotateY(180deg); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 4px; height: 4px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-left-radius: 105px; border-bottom-right-radius: 105px; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(254, 78, 47) 13%, rgb(255, 201, 124) 88%); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 4px; height: 4px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-left-radius: 105px; border-bottom-right-radius: 105px; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(254, 78, 47) 13%, rgb(255, 201, 124) 88%); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; transform: rotateX(180deg); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="transform: rotateY(180deg); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 4px; height: 4px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-left-radius: 105px; border-bottom-right-radius: 105px; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(254, 78, 47) 13%, rgb(255, 201, 124) 88%); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 4px; height: 4px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-left-radius: 105px; border-bottom-right-radius: 105px; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(254, 78, 47) 13%, rgb(255, 201, 124) 88%); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-end; padding: 0px 0px 0px 6px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 171, 144); line-height: 1.1; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;">The Lantern </span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;">Festival</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 171, 144); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left; line-height: 0; width: 0px; vertical-align: top; visibility: visible;" role="img" aria-label="插图"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; width: 100%; flex-flow: column; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="z-index: 1; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: -3px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 94%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 210, 130); border-left-color: rgb(255, 210, 130); border-right-color: rgb(255, 210, 130); border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; visibility: visible;"></section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;">东汉许慎<span class="" link-id="link-1772501909509-0.7474015481292235">《说文解字》</span>有载，“元，为始，宵，为夜”。“元”意为始、为首，“元宵”之“元”指一年之中的第一个月，正月也就是农历的元月；“宵”本义是夜晚，在这里是专指月圆的夜晚。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;">民间有“不出十五都是年”的说法，元宵节常被视作中国年的终结号。作为农历新年的第一个月圆之夜，元宵节不仅是春节年俗中最后一个重要节令，更以盛大的庆祝活动，为整个春节庆典划上圆满句号。元宵节这一天，人们从家庭团圆的氛围走出来，走进社会，启动全民同乐的狂欢。过了这一天，一年之中最重要的节序——“过年”结束，人们开启新的一年征程，农户则投入新一年春耕大忙季节。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">元宵节俗活动丰富多彩，且主要集中在夜晚，有举办灯会，有舞龙弄狮，有烟花社火，有鼓乐管弦，有吃元宵丸……西汉以后历朝历代，连帝王后妃也一破平日禁锢，张灯结彩，笙歌鼓乐，与民同乐。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">（二）</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">关于元宵节起源的说法很多。较有影响的是源于汉武帝刘彻祭祀天帝太一神，燃灯至天明，遂立此节。<span class="" link-id="link-1772501909510-0.8961029270669678">《史记》</span>中有这样一段文字，“汉家常以正月上辛祠太一甘泉，以昏时夜祠，到明而终”，可见正月十五燃灯至迟始于此时。也有说是东汉明帝刘庄时期，天竺佛教东传进入中国，正月十五先于宫中设寺院燃灯，后传到民间，展以为节。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">据民间传说，汉高祖刘邦逝后，吕氏篡权。<span class="" link-id="link-1772501909511-0.05572287200131765">汉文帝刘恒</span>平定诸吕之乱、恢复刘氏江山之后登基，恰逢正月十五，于是颁诏与民同乐，并将这一天定为元宵节。另有传说是西汉著名优臣东方朔，巧计解救思亲心切的宫女“元宵”，建议朝廷设立此节，以便开放宫苑与民同乐，让宫女元宵也有机会与家人团聚。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">元宵，还与道家所立的“<span class="" link-id="link-1772501909511-0.29088695409016996">三元节</span>”有关。农历正月十五为上元，七月十五为中元，十月十五为下元，元元有节。上元元宵节以燃灯为节俗，或称上元灯节，对应开展天官赐福的祭祀活动。此节与其它传统节日一样，也有一个发展过程，汉时仅以燃灯为节俗，唐代增加了吃元宵的习俗，到宋朝吃元宵的风俗才南北盛行。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">（三）</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">福清先民大多迁自中原、江淮一带，习俗也与迁出地相似，正月十五也是一年十大传统节日之一，只是旧时不叫“元宵节”，而叫“做上元”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">关于上元节俗，清朝乾隆版《福清县志》这样记述：“上元日，自十三至二十夜，户各燃灯放花炮。城中歌吹相闻，箫鼓之声喧阗达旦。”文字虽然简约，但从中可看出几个现象：一是福清农历正月十五不过元宵而做上元；二是上元日不只限在正月十五，而是依社境而不同，从正月十三到二十之夜均可；三是上元节节俗中重点是“燃灯”和“放花炮”；四是“歌吹”“箫鼓”之乐通宵达旦，但仅在城中，并未普及至乡间。</span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"></section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">其实，福清做上元节俗十分隆重，远非上述文字之所载。诸如，上元夜除燃灯观灯、燃放烟花爆竹，还要祭祀本境神明，为此上元活动多在境社的宫境前举行，或在宗族祖厅内举办。活动规模盛大，甚至胜于年祭，比如比邻莆仙的新厝“头尾厝”巡游、社火，全员参与、万人空巷，是一个集信仰祈福、家族凝聚、艺术展示和美食文化于一体的综合性民俗盛典。燃灯也非“家家户户挂灯笼”，而是举办“游灯”，福清方言称之“巷灯”的声势浩大活动，如龙高一带的“板灯龙”，阳下西亭的“出灯”，江阴半岛的“走街”，东张的“走灯牌”。同时在一些地方，还有宗族、家庭里举行的“点烛山”“添丁分烛”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">与其它地区最大不同的是，元宵节这一天，福清除了县城外，乡村家家户户也筹办酒菜，但并未定食元宵丸。这恐怕就是“不过元宵”只做上元的原由吧。</span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"></section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">福清城关的上元日，还有一项特色活动“过利桥”。正月十五夜，月光如水，灯火通明，青年男女三五结伴，新婚夫妇双双携手，从被俗称“利桥”的龙首桥上走过，以祈求天赐良缘、早生贵子、婚姻美满和家庭幸福。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">而今，全社会对传承中华民族优秀传统文化愈加重视，除民间社境的上元活动外，每至正月十五，党委、政府及其有关部门还要在上元夜举办非遗展示、元宵灯会、美食汇等群众性活动，将旧时仅限社境做上元扩展到全社会参与的综合性文艺狂欢节，拓展了上元节的形式与内涵，丰富了过中国年的一个新节俗。</span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;"></section></section><hr style="border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5);"/><p data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="text-align: right; text-indent: 2em; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND); letter-spacing: 0.034em;">作者：严家梅，福清市首批社科专家</span></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_SPn" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 元宵节快乐 上元节 节日气氛搞起来 学到了很多新知识，
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