福清历史上的六座城隍庙（四）
<section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25486" style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; 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visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25722" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25722" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 10px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 240, 229); box-shadow: rgb(126, 126, 126) 0px 0px 5px; border-radius: 8px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-image: url(https://www.fqlook.cn/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/Ljib4So7yuWgD77PaAMxwibfhZElPI8KNDUOrMV7zJ8mdzKZwnia9OY970u99UYmA8ndIqZDAZMqQRZrWOErIbWdQ/640?wx_fmt=gif); background-position: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-size: 100%; border-radius: 8px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-size: 17.1429px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在中华民族文明发展进程中，形成了极其丰富的传统民俗文化。城隍庙会及其衍生的城隍文化，就是其中一个重要的组成部分。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-size: 17.1429px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城隍，又称城隍爷，是城池的守护神，也是冥界的地方官。起初的城隍没有姓名，宋代以降被人格化了，多将殉国的忠烈或当地的名人封为当地的城隍。城隍是我国原始信仰祭祀的自然神之一。历代帝王都很重视城隍的作用，屡次加封。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); font-size: 16px; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25722" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25722" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: start; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 17.1429px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: start; visibility: visible;"> 城隍庙是供奉、祭祀城隍的庙宇。根据规定，县治以上才能建造城隍庙。城隍庙最早出现公元239年。唐代之后，郡县皆祭城隍，宋后祀俗更为普遍。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: start;"> 明洪武二年（1369年），朱元璋下诏加封天下城隍，规定全国上下“凡有城池，必建城隍庙”，各府州县要建造城隍庙，还将城隍神列入国家祭祀范围。每月朔、望，地方长官要带领部属行参谒礼。新官到任前一天须宿于庙里，翌日清晨首祭城隍。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 按照旧制，一个郡县只能建造一座城隍庙。如今的福清保存4座城隍庙：<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">一是位于城区（原址在城隍巷，今异地重建于清荣大道北侧），一是位于镇东卫（今海口镇城里村），一是位于万安所城（今东瀚镇万安村）。一是位于化南民城的城隍庙（时称“九天堂”）。至明代，平潭隶属福清管辖，分属南上隅、北一隅、北二隅、西隅。 如果加上明清两代海坛岛上的两座城隍庙，那么福清历史上就拥有6座城隍庙。</span>这在全国都是鲜见的。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"> 这里要提及为何除了福清县城，镇东卫、万安所城、化南民城也有城隍庙。原来，明初军队“立民兵万户府，辅以卫所”。为防倭患，在沿海地区实行“卫所制”。卫所直属中央管辖，相对独立，与地方府县没有隶属关系。永乐年间，全国兵员达200万人。一府设所，几府设卫，卫设指挥使。指挥使统兵5600人。因此，镇东卫、万安所城、化南民城不属于福清县管辖，官兵来自五湖四海，为了尊重其城隍信仰，就准许建造各自的城隍庙。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"> 另据清乾隆《福清县志·兵制志》载，“汉唐以来，兵制不一”“福清地为水陆所会，陆营则总辖长福，水师则镇于海坛。因地设防，扼险守要，法綦密矣”。明清两代，海坛镇均设置步战兵、守兵1000余众，镇守海坛岛及苏澳、东庠、流水、水陆等处各汛险要口岸。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">4.化南民城“九天堂”：</span>化南民城，又名“岐阳城”，位于今三山镇前薛村。明嘉靖三十九年（1560年），为防御倭寇，时任广西参政的本村人薛曾请旨建城。薛曾，字师孔，号南岐。明嘉靖三十五年（1556年）进士。初授中书舍人，历吏部考功司员外、四川副使、广西参政。卒葬村后西浒山。福清籍内阁首辅叶向高为其撰写了墓志铭。其墓前有文武石人、石马、石羊等。1987年列为福清重点文物保护单位。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">化南民城为石砌，周长1550米，高5.5米，基宽4米，建有东南西北4个城门。清末，自南门始，先后倒塌。现尚存城基遗址及“南熏门”石匾。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">化南民城虽然没有建造专门的城隍庙，但400多年来不影响村民的城隍信仰、他们将城隍爷供奉在九天堂内。因此，完全可以说九天堂就是他们的城隍庙。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">九天堂位于今薛氏宗祠旁，曾多次重建，1984年由前薛村华侨重修。2009年再次重建。该庙飞檐翘角，美轮美奂。除了城隍爷，该供奉其他神祇。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">九天堂保存的多面石匾，记载着城隍信仰的变迁过程。其中清咸丰十一年（1861年）的“重修九天堂碑”曰：“明布政使司南岐薛公斋（即薛曾）请建城于岐阳，城隍之神堂额‘九天’，取天之生数，始于一，成于九，所以普九重之雨露也……”</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">清光绪七年（1881年）的“重修九天堂碑”曰：“大抵有城必有卫，城隍为金城之卫，而堂颜九天，诚取夫天之生数，以九而成。神之承天，亦以九而普者也。然肇基于明季，而被毁于兵燹，遗迹仅有存……”</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">清光绪九年（1883年）的“重修九天堂碑”曰：“……吾乡九天堂肇基前明，崇祀城隍□□朝。咸丰年间，庐山寺郑三爷临斯土，而□□堂□□□□，祥光普照，□□吾乡善信鸠集创塑，□□□而祀，□声灵赫□□……”</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">2010年的“重建九天堂”石匾曰：“……本境历史古刹九天堂，敬祀城隍公众位神圣，历来神灵显赫、香火兴隆，保境安民，亿万斯年……”</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p>来源：文化福清</p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_a8o" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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