福清历史上的六座城隍庙（三）
<section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25486" style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; 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visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25722" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25722" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 10px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 240, 229); box-shadow: rgb(126, 126, 126) 0px 0px 5px; border-radius: 8px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-image: url(https://www.fqlook.cn/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/Ljib4So7yuWgD77PaAMxwibfhZElPI8KNDUOrMV7zJ8mdzKZwnia9OY970u99UYmA8ndIqZDAZMqQRZrWOErIbWdQ/640?wx_fmt=gif); background-position: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-size: 100%; border-radius: 8px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-size: 17.1429px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在中华民族文明发展进程中，形成了极其丰富的传统民俗文化。城隍庙会及其衍生的城隍文化，就是其中一个重要的组成部分。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-size: 17.1429px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城隍，又称城隍爷，是城池的守护神，也是冥界的地方官。起初的城隍没有姓名，宋代以降被人格化了，多将殉国的忠烈或当地的名人封为当地的城隍。城隍是我国原始信仰祭祀的自然神之一。历代帝王都很重视城隍的作用，屡次加封。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); font-size: 16px; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25722" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25722" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: start; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 17.1429px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: start; visibility: visible;"> 城隍庙是供奉、祭祀城隍的庙宇。根据规定，县治以上才能建造城隍庙。城隍庙最早出现公元239年。唐代之后，郡县皆祭城隍，宋后祀俗更为普遍。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: start;"> 明洪武二年（1369年），朱元璋下诏加封天下城隍，规定全国上下“凡有城池，必建城隍庙”，各府州县要建造城隍庙，还将城隍神列入国家祭祀范围。每月朔、望，地方长官要带领部属行参谒礼。新官到任前一天须宿于庙里，翌日清晨首祭城隍。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 按照旧制，一个郡县只能建造一座城隍庙。如今的福清保存4座城隍庙：<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">一是位于城区（原址在城隍巷，今异地重建于清荣大道北侧），一是位于镇东卫（今海口镇城里村），一是位于万安所城（今东瀚镇万安村）。一是位于化南民城的城隍庙（时称“九天堂”）。至明代，平潭隶属福清管辖，分属南上隅、北一隅、北二隅、西隅。 如果加上明清两代海坛岛上的两座城隍庙，那么福清历史上就拥有6座城隍庙。</span>这在全国都是鲜见的。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"> 这里要提及为何除了福清县城，镇东卫、万安所城、化南民城也有城隍庙。原来，明初军队“立民兵万户府，辅以卫所”。为防倭患，在沿海地区实行“卫所制”。卫所直属中央管辖，相对独立，与地方府县没有隶属关系。永乐年间，全国兵员达200万人。一府设所，几府设卫，卫设指挥使。指挥使统兵5600人。因此，镇东卫、万安所城、化南民城不属于福清县管辖，官兵来自五湖四海，为了尊重其城隍信仰，就准许建造各自的城隍庙。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"> 另据清乾隆《福清县志·兵制志》载，“汉唐以来，兵制不一”“福清地为水陆所会，陆营则总辖长福，水师则镇于海坛。因地设防，扼险守要，法綦密矣”。明清两代，海坛镇均设置步战兵、守兵1000余众，镇守海坛岛及苏澳、东庠、流水、水陆等处各汛险要口岸。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">3.万安所城隍庙：</span>万安所所在地包括今东瀚镇（原名“东限”）万安村。明洪武二十年（1387年），周德兴调集福（州）、兴（化）、漳（州）、泉（州）四府匠役，历时10年，建成了万安城。因该城形似葫芦，俗称“葫芦城”。该城建有文昌祠、天后宫、观音阁、城隍庙、海潮庵、茶林寺等。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">福清地方志专家涂之尧《故乡风物记》载：“（万安）所治近南平地，西即城隍庙、海潮庵，东向临城，其右元帅庙。诸庙寺唯城隍庙无读书处。余皆之尧所受业之地……”据文所载，当时城隍庙较小，容不下学子读书。这从现存的城隍庙便可以看出当时的规制。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">城隍庙曾多次重建，今城隍庙建在原址上，建筑面积约125平方米，据说里面供奉的是张侯。张侯原名张仁惠，为政清廉、爱民如子，颇有口碑。寺庙的墙基镶嵌一块精心打造的葫芦状花岗岩，“葫芦”蕴含“福”“禄”，表达了村民的美好愿望。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">庙里的“重建城隍庙题缘碑”载：“万安所城，于明洪武二十年始，历时十年建成。城内有隍，傍海而建，城隍护佑城民，民即以人道祀之。庙宇因年代久远，风雨侵蚀，外墙坍塌，廊柱腐朽，顶檩椽瓦损坏更甚，实乃岌岌可危，见而伤之。一九八七年，宗亲詹垂发自台湾返乡，触景动情，慷慨解囊，翻新庙顶，修补短垣，然未能根除危墙。今天，由詹阿妹董其事，谋葺新于众乡贤，大家极为赞成。为彰善举，特勒石以志……”两对楹联曰：“城郭天报康宁福，禄居司命万年安”“神灵锡一城测福，社稷护四海鼎平”。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">城隍庙前遗弃两块石碑，一块是原城隍庙横匾，长176厘米，宽37厘米，厚10厘米。上刻“城隍庙”3字。另一块是“仁惠张侯去思碑”，长314厘米，宽60厘米，厚20厘米。顶端竖刻“天生□德，□□□□。□□□□，□溺□刑。□旅心□，□□□□。□□报□，□石永铭”字样。右边竖刻“……字九香……福州中卫中所……”等字，落款是“……二十二年岁次”等字。据村民介绍，“仁惠张侯去恩碑”是从附近运到现址，为的是更好地保护历史遗存。假如城隍庙供奉的确是张仁惠，那么这块石碑就更加珍贵了。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">万安村附近建有侯王宫，但是否主祀张仁惠，无从考证。里面的碑刻也只字未提张仁惠。碑曰：“侯王宫位于万安城南门，座（坐）南朝北，庙内神号东岳大帝及其众将神，威严森立，历史邃远，为万安城护卫大神，前期因社会变革失整，改革开放后，于八十年代末，民众兴起重建，嗣而随着形势发展与神明显灵，民众奋起踊跃乐捐集资二十万元，谨于二〇〇四年岁在甲申二月吉日兴工动建，九月念（廿）一日荣竣开光庆典。今俱勒石铭志，敬将乐捐芳名镌刻列于左以褒千秋流芳百世……”有一楹联曰：“佛殿自昔皆肃穆，明月从今照古人”。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p>来源：文化福清</p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_a8o" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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