福清历代知县（六）方偕：质衣以自给，瓠酒惊契丹
<section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 25px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 578px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; border-color: rgb(240, 219, 111); background-color: rgb(249, 250, 244); visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">方偕（992-1055），字齐古，兴化莆田县（今福建省莆田市涵江区庄边镇百俊村）人。历官温州军事推官、汀州府通判、建安知县，北宋祥符年间担任福清知县。后又提任尚书兵部员外郎、天章阁侍制知杭州兼两浙西路安抚使，官至太常少卿、光禄卿。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible;">方偕自幼聪明，再加上父亲严格要求，谆谆教诲，“谨厚孝友，笃志古学，尤明典礼，爱惜芳时”。十四岁就落笔成文，妙笔生花，当时莆田知县薛奎（后官至参知政事）十分器重他，“意其少年，倩词于人，延坐，令作赋一篇，立就”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible;">北宋大中祥符五年（1012），方偕赴京应试，进士及第。其参加廷试时所作《铸鼎象物赋》，为时人所推崇。此时的方偕年方二十，英俊潇洒，仪表堂堂，举止庄重，博学多才，深得宋真宗赵恒的喜爱，很快被任命为温州军事推官。</span></p><section style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; visibility: visible;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible;">温州任职期间，方偕行事缜密，处事得当。祥符九年（1016），温州闹饥荒，老百姓为躲避饥荒纷纷选择从军，州官不敢擅自招募。方偕认为“民迫流亡，不早募，将聚众为盗矣”，建议提点刑狱吕夷简募民为兵。夷简同意，招募士兵7000人。因此温州虽然饥荒严重，众多民众得以保全，没有发生骚乱事件。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible;">方偕通晓狱事，光明磊落。改任汀州府通判、权知建安县（今福建建瓯）后，他审理案件从不严刑逼供，而是动之以情、晓之以理，所办理案件不超过一个月。在四川资阳任职期间，当时澧州（今湖南澧县）有一位逃卒到一家富户当佣人，竟然诬告主人杀了12人来祀魔驱神。州府闻报后，立即逮捕该户族人300余名。此案牵涉的人较多，且有诸多漏洞，致使案件久拖不决。方偕受命审理此案，责令逃卒报上所杀人姓名进行验证，后经逐一核实，水落石出，族人属被诬告，逃卒按律处死。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">方偕后因父亲方鼎去世，辞官回去守孝。守孝期满后，方偕被授予秘书省著作佐郎、福清知县。清乾隆版《福清县志》有载，“（方偕）真宗朝知是邑。有清操，时至质衣以自给”。一县之长，有时因生活所迫，需要典当衣物以维持家庭开支，其清正廉洁可想而知。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">方偕生性爽朗，酒量惊人。有时喝到酣畅淋漓时，往往没有节制，一醉方休，但酒后却记忆清楚，没有误过正事。清乾隆版《福清县志》记述了他在担任福清知县时的一个轶事，有一次，部属趁方偕喝醉时，偷懒不去理事。第二天，方偕醉醒后竟件件清楚，说昨天发生了什么事。部属幕僚十分惊异，叩头认错，从此不敢偷懒。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">方偕治下宽严有度，公文案牒都得以及时处理，他的卓越才华得到上下的一致认可，仕途也一路顺畅。庆历五年（1045）十月，被朝廷任命为淮南江浙荆湖制置发运使、尚书兵部员外郎、天章阁待制知杭州。庆历六年（1046）六月，转任刑部郎中，庆历七年（1047）七月，升太常少卿分司西京。其“严明洁廉，察民情数，民事尤剧，益以精敏” ，“居官直节劲气，足以摩霄汉而争日月之光”。</span></p><section style="margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></section><section style="margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;">北宋与契丹（辽）</section><section style="margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">北宋时期，中原地区与北方契丹国时常兵戎相见。有一次，为促进双边友好，方偕奉命出使契丹，开展邦交活动。据说当时契丹宴请宋朝使臣时，劝酒器大小不一，其最大者系用葫芦瓜对半剖开，用黄金衬托，可容3升酒。宋朝前后派出的使者都不敢饮下那“酒杯”里的酒。唯有方偕到此后，脸无惧色地端起“酒杯”，一举饮尽，不但没有醉倒，而且面不改色，行走自如。契丹国王见他喝下半水桶的酒却不醉，十分惊讶，对他愈加尊重，赠送他西北名马，并把大瓠做成的“酒杯”命名为“方家瓠”。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">说起来历史竟存在惊人的相似。大宋之初，开国之君赵匡胤“杯酒释兵权”；而方偕此行，竟然是“瓠酒惊契丹”。方偕以其大智大勇、不亢不卑，守节不屈、不辱使命，维护了国家利益和民族团结，名闻大漠南北、朝廷内外。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">以后，朝中之人每次举行宴会，必定请他出席。方偕终因没有节制地参加宴饮，身体受到极大伤害，至和二年（1055）因中风而卒，终年64岁。真是“成也在酒，败也在酒”，终为贪杯所累。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">《宋史·列传·卷六十三》，有方偕传略。清乾隆版《福清县志》卷八“职官志”，“名宦列传”中记载了方偕的主要事迹。</span></p><section style="margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">方偕在福清海口瑞岩山上的题刻</span></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; 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box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 236.979px; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 13px; height: 13px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-width: 1px 1px 0px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(114, 156, 116) rgb(114, 156, 116) rgb(176, 4, 13) rgb(176, 4, 13); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 236.979px; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; transform: rotateY(180deg);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 13px; height: 13px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-width: 1px 1px 0px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(114, 156, 116) rgb(114, 156, 116) rgb(176, 4, 13) rgb(176, 4, 13); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 36px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 473.958px; vertical-align: top; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(114, 156, 116); background-color: rgb(250, 255, 245); align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在福清海口的瑞岩山风景区，至今可见近千年之前福清知县方偕留下的一处题刻，文曰：“壶山一轩，方楷，□纶。处姑余一□渺横前天上□身临无地颠一□潜通小有五丁擘破华山。”其一首五律《游瑞岩》曰：“层崖闭灵胜，林密市声遥。远树多苍郁，空山自寂寥。丘荒伤义鹿，序改感鸣蜩。复笑丹成晚，何年度石桥。”</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: -13px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 236.979px; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 13px; height: 13px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-width: 1px 1px 0px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(114, 156, 116) rgb(114, 156, 116) rgb(176, 4, 13) rgb(176, 4, 13); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 236.979px; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; transform: rotateY(180deg);"><section style="margin: 0px; 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font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">作者：林秋明</span></p><p><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_UlV" id="wcn_editor_css"/> {:5_240:}{:5_240:}{:5_240:}{:5_240:}{:5_240:} 方偕通晓狱事，光明磊落
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