福清这百年（十一）60年前的福清送“瘟神”运动
<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: auto; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 35px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; text-align: left; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 25px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; border-style: dashed; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 10px; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); overflow: hidden; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); align-self: flex-start; visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible;">春风杨柳万千条，六亿神州尽舜尧。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible;">红雨随心翻作浪，青山着意化为桥。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible;">天连五岭银锄落，地动三河铁臂摇。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible;">借问瘟君欲何往，纸船明烛照天烧。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/></p></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在福清老一辈人的记忆里，这首毛主席写的题为《送瘟神》的七律，大家非常熟悉，对其中所涉及的历史事件，也必定是感慨万千。</p><section style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这首诗写作的背景，是1958年6月30日《人民日报》报道了江西省余江县消灭血吸虫病的消息，毛主席看后，浮想联翩，夜不能寐，欣然命笔，写下了这首光辉诗篇。毛主席《送瘟神》诗篇发表后，极大鼓舞了全国人民的斗争热情，激励着广大人民再接再厉，向消灭血吸虫病进军，夺取更大的胜利。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">血吸虫病俗称“大肚子病”“脾气病”，患病较严重者肩不能挑、手不能提，浑身无力、行动难支，甚至危及生命。解放前的福建省，各种疫病横行，卫生防疫条件差，被称为“瘴疠之区”，也曾是血吸虫病重度流行区，流行范围遍及东南沿海的长乐、平潭、闽侯等十多个县。疫区范围最大、疫情最重的福清，个别村感染率高达90%左右。直到新中国成立之初，血吸虫病仍是当时严重危害人民健康、导致乡村严重贫困的五大寄生虫病之一。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">血吸虫病何时起在福清县流行，尚无从考证。</p><section style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1936年1月，福州协和医院外籍医师甘氏，在解剖一例福清县埔尾村洪阿松因肝硬化死亡的遗体后，发现其肝、脾、心肾等器官均查及血吸虫卵。这是福清发现的首例血吸虫病人。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">随后，上海雷斯德医学研究院理科主任罗伯逊与福建科学馆唐仲璋到福清县城北郊的埔尾、芦院、坝头等29个村庄开展调查，发现不少血吸虫病人，确定福清县为血吸虫病区。唐仲璋把发现的福清钉螺寄往美国，由世界知名专家白氏鉴定后，认为是新种，被命名为唐氏钉螺。</p><section style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">唐仲璋（1905-1993），著名寄生虫学家，中国寄生虫学防治事业的奠基人之一。上世纪三十年代，他走遍福清山山水水，摸清福清血吸虫病区分布、感染率和流行方式，为福建省卫生防疫站消灭血吸虫病提供了详实的科学依据。据不完全统计，共和国成立之前，福清受血吸虫病严重摧残的村庄99个，死绝1000余户，死于晚期的3520人，田地因此荒芜的有2537亩。其中埔尾村岭格自然村原有200多人，成为了“无人村”，40户的三角井自然村仅剩1户。漈头村溪边自然村原有21户138人，因血吸虫病13户65人死绝，其余8户73人逃往他乡。“漈头不出头，溪边苦泪流。十人八九病，田荒倒房楼”，便是当时真实的写照。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新中国成立以后，深受病魔祸害的福清人民热烈响应毛主席“一定要消灭血吸虫”的号召，掀起了“送瘟神”的群众运动，经历了调查准备、全面防治、反复斗争和巩固提高的四个阶段。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第一阶段（1952-1957），主要是成立机构，调查摸底，澄清病情，编造病人名册，绘制钉螺分布图，制定血吸虫作战规划。1952年成立县血防站，掀起血防工作的第一次高潮。开始时探索采取土埋法消灭钉螺，就是将存在大量钉螺的地方，用10厘米厚的泥土填埋，一年不去动，效果很好。1956年后，把土埋灭螺与农田水利基本建设相结合，采取灭螺、治疗、管粪、管水的综合性防治策略。经过几年努力，全县歼灭钉螺面积237万平方米，治疗病人1.1万多人。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第二阶段（1958-1959），掀起声势浩大的“送瘟神”的群众运动。从省委到县委，都成立了血防领导小组，由血吸虫病流行地区的各级党委书记亲自挂帅。1958年2月26日，时任福建省委书记魏金水在福清主持召开第三次全省防治血吸虫病工作会议，并组织300多人的血防工作队，扎在福清开展消灭血吸虫病工作，以查灭钉螺和查治病人（畜）为主，结合实施农村改厕等措施，使疫情得到了控制。两年间，全县歼灭钉螺面积1021万平方米，发现治疗病人20837人，取得了决定性胜利。</p><section style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第三阶段（1960-1975），坚持反复斗争，巩固发展血防成果。1974年1月14日，向省委报告基本消灭血吸虫。至1975年，经考核，省委宣布福清基本消灭血吸虫病。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第四阶段（1975-1986），巩固提高，达到消灭血吸虫病标准阶段。上世纪八十年代，农村实行土地承包，灭螺工作代之以下放到社队或血防干部与专业队承包的办法，“水系钉螺”老大难问题被消灭。1980年我国自制的吡喹酮问世，口服不良反应轻微，极受群众欢迎，余下病人治疗的老大难问题也得到解决。1986年，经省地县三级血防专业人员考核验收，福清县达到了消灭血吸虫病的标准。</p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px -54px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; justify-content: center; transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 95px; height: auto;"></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 29px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 562px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgba(236, 240, 245, 0.7);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; justify-content: center;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">随着血吸虫病的消灭，福清疫区面貌发生了巨大变化。时隔40年后的1978年10月，唐仲璋教授再度来到福清埔尾村，看望已治愈的患者生活情况，欣然赋诗《重过福清县血吸虫病区》：“别有欢欣关一事，解襟探疾示疤痕。”表达了对福清疫区消除血吸虫病的由衷喜悦。</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：毛立平</p></section><p></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_T96" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 还有这样的典故 值得分享出来 长见识了 有听家里老人说过 历史的回忆。{:5_283:} 随着现在的医学进步，以前很多病症都消失了 血吸虫病在当年的中国相当普遍
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