陈?? 发表于 2022-1-21 10:08:18

福清同攻读书会的诞生

<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 21px 20px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 556px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 248, 248);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 516px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上世纪20年代后期,由于国民党右派背叛革命,惨酷杀害工农和知识界革命群众,招致第一次国共合作失败。人祸天灾交相煎迫,国难日趋严重,民族濒临危亡,当时众多的富有正义感、使命感的热血青年,莫不忧国忧民,他们急于寻求救亡真理,也知道中国共产党树起了革命的马列主义旗帜,要走俄国十月革命的道路,于是开始热衷于阅读新俄游记一类的书籍。</p></section></section></section></section><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: -10px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 42px; height: 17px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-style: solid; border-width: 17px 21px 0px; border-color: rgba(255, 82, 60, 0.63) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">由于福清位处祖国东南一隅,消息比较闭塞,那时在县城的青年教师、中学生,依靠旅沪旅京旅苏(州)以及旅居榕厦的朋友和同学,带回的一部分马列主义论着、普罗文学译作,来满足越来越广泛越急迫的需求。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">1932年秋,以何希銮等为代表的青年进步学生,经过两年多的认真酝酿和充分筹备,终于在福清融城官塘墘成立了同攻读书会。</span></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></section><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">早在1928年,中共福州市委地下就在福清开拓工作,组织秘密活动。当时在上海、福州等旅外学生中,有不少人参加了地下党团以及党的外围群众组织。在假期或其它时间,他们中有许多人带回或寄回地下油印小册子传单,在青年中秘密传播革命思想。其中一部分学生中的中共地下党团员,参加了同攻读书会的倡导、发起和筹办工作。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">1931年春,在上海读书的何希銮、俞建曦、陈炳奎,陈培锟、陈聪章、洪得望等人,在沪滨第一攻集会初次讨论在家乡福清创建读书会。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">同年夏,何希銮、俞建曦到苏州,在成烈体育专门学校召集刘天仇、吴承铭、吴秉宝、洪剑钊、王桂如、林庆森,由何、俞主持召开第二次讨论会,决定筹办读书会,并分别写信给福州、福清等地教师和大中学生,说明设立读书会的必要性。</span></p><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">后因发起人到会人数不足,遂延期到1932年暑期,由何希銮、刘天仇、俞建曦、高惠如、郑润佑、张端哲、王朝滋、王文杰、吴绍徽、陈云官、俞建镳、林庆森等人,负责开展筹备工作。此后,先后在郑润佑、俞建曦的官塘墘住所,吴绍徽任校长的教场埔墘的玉融小学和林万甫主持的深巷刘祠道南小学等处,召集第三、四、五、六次的讨论会。参加这几次讨论会的发起人有:何希銮、俞建曦、刘天仇、陈培锟、陈炳奎、余长钺、陈元晖、陈聪章、张端哲、高惠如、陈云官、王文杰、吴承铭、郑润佑、陈立铭、王朝滋、谢毓骝、俞建镳、陈寿健、陈振镛、洪剑钊、吴秉宝、陈则干、施祖猷、林际春、陈绍璟、谢廷清、林万甫、吴绍徽、林秉忠、董成全、王桂如、陈希亮、林其桐、林庆森等35人。通过充分酝酿讲座,决定正式成立筹备会,并选出刘天仇、俞建曦、郑润佑、高惠如、王文杰、林庆森等9人为筹备委员。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">在筹办关键阶段,凡是有关会内重要事项和推进步骤,均由创建人何希銮、俞建曦、陈炳奎、余长钺、陈培锟、张端哲、陈元晖等做出原则性决定,经过筹委会讨论后,提请到发起人座谈会民主审议决定。讨论会有时也偶有不同意见,但总体上代表着广大群众利益的主流思想,却是一致的,如致力于宣传进步思想和科学社会主义,群策群力筹措资金,源源不断地向各大城市购买新图书,扩大借阅范围和出版会刊,公演《阿Q正传》,以及面向全县青年服务等,直到被封闭,从未动摇。</span></p><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">“同攻”命名,是偶然在县立福清初级中学看到张端哲与友人合影眉题“携手同仇”,觉得很新鲜,就联想到“同攻”两个字,意即“共同攻读”。“同攻”二字,顾名思义,符合办会主旨,为绝大多数人所接受。其内涵还有共同向着一切反动派和社会腐恶势力而共同进攻的积极意义,但这一点当时是不能明言,大家只好心领意会就是。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">“同攻”的经济来源,是由300多名成员每人的入会金2元,月捐4角和乐捐的三项收入来支持的。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">读书会会址暂行借用郑润佑的官塘墘住宅书院。郑润佑又无偿地提供筹办期间人员食宿,还义务担任图书管理职务。从《同攻》初创一直到被最后活动被封闭,他都担负着经济上的支柱作用。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">会员中,除了福州的王桂如、闽清的林振秋、长乐的郑礼祺三人外,其他全是是福清人,大多为中学或大学文化程度,教育界的学校师生占绝大多数。大部分会员通过发起人通信联系介绍入会,小部分自动前来报名缴费入会。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">对于办会宗旨,主流思想是比较一致的,我们所标榜的是群众性、学术性、青年法人社团,外界的一些谣言中伤,也起不了作用,会员发展相当迅速。后来又是搞演出,又是出会刊,内容都是进步的。只是当时没有条件举行学术讲座和读书座谈会,有时为了提供掩护,甚至在购办图书中还买了部分黄色书刊。到后期出现有人企图搞宗派分裂,但绝大多数会员仍跟着骨干走。当时骨干多是中共地下党团员和革命群众,所以捣乱与分裂均未得逞。继后国民党反动派从怀疑到注目,到了福清县反动当局逮捕余长钺、追踪陈炳奎时,《同攻》也随之被封闭了。</span></p><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">先是余长钺在同攻会刊发表《血与泪》,这篇文章革命气氛极为浓厚,引起福清县反动当局的注意。1933年9月间,县长甘沄亲自带便衣队到明义中学,企图逮捕余长钺。当天,甘沄到校向正在讲授数学的教员陈希亮、训育员庄璧翰查询余长钺在那里。陈、庄说未见到,甘沄当即迫取点名薄,查无“余长钺”名字。后来又扩大范围,查了全校姓“人示余”的学生,只有两人。他直指姓余的两名学生来到教室,并迫使他们同往宿舍开箱检查。在余长钺的箱子内,查出了进步传单及陈炳奎写给他的便条。余遂被捕。陈、庄二人也受到甘沄斥责。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">1933年初,陈炳奎在上海持志大学求学,受反动当局迫害辍学回到福清,以玉融小学教师身份为掩护开展革命活动。甘沄立即派人带了2名警察冲进玉融小学。警察一进校,就向校长吴绍徽查问陈炳奎是否在校。吴校长推说他今天无课。正对话间,陈炳奎走进来,吴绍徽强作镇定,机敏地说:“有人找炳奎,你去看看来。”陈炳奎知意,立刻离开。这时县城各城门已有兵警把守,陈炳奎无法脱逃,只好藏匿在湖滨霞其好友林明金处,最后想办法离开福清。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">甘沄又派人到同攻读书会,搜搬和标封了书籍、会刊,勒令解散读书会。这个成立仅有一年时间的进步青年组织被扼杀了。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">1933年11月,国民革命军第十九路军发动福建事变,成立抗日反蒋的“中华共和国人民革命政府”。该政府成立时,曾郑重宣布同攻读书会是进步的人民团体,并由县长吴仁光为其启封,允许继续活动。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">可惜不久,反动势力卷土重来,福建事变失败,十九路军撤离。同攻会来不及复会,以后再也没能得到恢复。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">作者:林庆森。根据林庆森《福清同攻读书会简史》、《何希銮我的回忆之一:同攻读书会应运而生》等史料整理。</span></p></section><p></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_ai3" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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