yyhxhnzyq 发表于 2021-8-3 17:54:32

一篇文章讲明白,摄影后期中的曲线到底怎么用~

<section label="Copyright 2018 iPaiban All Rights Reserved (本样式已做版权保护,未经正式授权不允许任何第三方编辑器、企业、个人使用,违者必纠)" donone="shifuMouseDownPayStyle(shifu_signx_006)" style="margin: 0.5rem auto;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 663.453px;display: flex;justify-content: space-between;align-items: center;flex-direction: row;box-shadow: rgb(217, 218, 218) 0px 0px 10px;border-radius: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: row;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;align-items: flex-start;justify-content: center;flex-direction: column;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(62, 175, 52);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(12, 12, 12);font-weight: bold;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Thomas看看世界</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 3px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(190, 191, 189);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关注后回复关键词“目录”,获取300篇摄影干货教程</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">如果说直方图是摄影师的“X光片”,那么曲线工具一定是摄影师的“手术刀”了。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">曲线作为重要的影调和色彩调整工具,不仅存在于Photoshop中,在ACR,Lightroom甚至其他很多手机P图软件中都占据着显眼的位置。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">本篇文章,就将详细谈谈什么是RGB曲线,如何使用提亮压暗、黑白场、对比度,以及局部调整曲线等基本形态,调整一张照片的影调。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">文章后半段还会演示如何把各种基本曲线形态组合起来,达到胶片、漂白、日系等等更复杂的影调效果。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(41, 148, 128);font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</em></strong></span></p><p label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><h2 label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="margin-top: -10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;outline: none;font-family: sans-serif;line-height: 11px;color: white;border-left: 30px solid rgb(41, 148, 128);background: rgb(73, 200, 149);">&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2><p style="margin: 20px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">曲线工具在哪?</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">曲线面板在Lightroom和Adobe Camera Raw工具中,都是紧接着基本面板的第二个面板,足以感受到它的重要性。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">在Photoshop中,我们一般会使用曲线调整图层来改变曲线。在PS中图层面板的右下角,第四个图标就是“新建调整图层”选项,点击后选择“曲线”,我们就可以新建一个“曲线调整图层”。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">新建调整图层,而不是在原图层上直接改变曲线。优点就是可以让我们方便的撤销/恢复所做的任意调整。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">本文将重点讲解RGB通道曲线,它是由红(R)绿(G)蓝(B)三个通道的曲线叠加而成的,可以“近似的”理解成图片的亮度曲线。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">RGB曲线调整的核心其实就是对原图亮度的变换。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">曲线的横轴是原图的亮度</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">,从左到右依次是0值纯黑,1-254的中间灰色值,以及最右边255的纯白最亮值。</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">曲线的纵轴是目标图(调整后)的亮度</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">,从下到上任然是0-255的亮度值。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">横轴上还显示着一个直方图,占示出原图各个亮度上,分别存在着多少像素。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">当中的那根线就是我们的“曲线”。</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">当我们在曲线上任意取一个点,它的“输入值”就是它横轴对应的值,即原图中的亮度,它的“输出值”就是它纵轴中的数值,也就是调整后它的亮度值。</span></strong></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">未调整的情况下,图像的曲线会是一条对角线,也就是横轴(原图)和纵轴(目标图)的亮度值相等。比如我在曲线上取了一个点,它的输入和输出值都是193.</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">如果我把这个点往上移动,可以看到这个点的输出值变成了232。这意味着原图直方图上那些193亮度的点,都被提亮到了更亮的232。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">同时我们可以发现曲线的一个特点,当我们变动一个点的时候,旁边的点也会跟着一起变化,离调整点越远的点变化越小。这样使得曲线调整的图片,大多数情况都比较的平滑自然。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">通过在曲线上添加控制点(锚点),我们就可以把曲线变成各种各样的形态,从而达到我们想要的影调效果。接下来我就会通过一些基本的曲线形态,来进一步的解释曲线。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(41, 148, 128);font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</em></strong></span></p><p label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><h2 label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="margin-top: -10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;outline: none;font-family: sans-serif;line-height: 11px;color: white;border-left: 30px solid rgb(41, 148, 128);background: rgb(73, 200, 149);">&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2><p style="margin: 20px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">提亮压暗曲线</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">提亮和压暗一张图片,并不是我们想象中的对图片中所有点都加大减小同样的亮度值。比如下面这个曲线,就是把图像上所有的点亮度都提高了64。这样造成了2个不好的结果:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">(1)图片的高光区域直接过曝溢出了</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">(2)图片的阴影和黑色区域亮度大大提高,使得图片黑场不足,严重发灰。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">所以我们一般提亮图片都是用如下的曲线,把锚点放在中间调附近往上提。这样照片主要是中间调的亮度大幅提高。高光区域亮度提高较少,防止了过曝。阴影黑色区域提升也不多,较好的维持了图像的对比反差程度。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">同样的,我们要压暗一张图片,也是用描点下拉图片的中间调。保护阴影区域不欠曝,让高光白色区域维持住对比度。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(41, 148, 128);font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</em></strong></span></p><p label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><h2 label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="margin-top: -10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;outline: none;font-family: sans-serif;line-height: 11px;color: white;border-left: 30px solid rgb(41, 148, 128);background: rgb(73, 200, 149);">&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2><p style="margin: 20px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">黑白场曲线</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">我们把照片上最暗的点叫做黑场,最亮的点叫做白场,黑白场的差值决定了一张照片的反差程度。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">通过横移和竖移曲线的左右两端,就可以加大和减小照片的黑白场差值。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">比如下面这张图片就是一张灰蒙蒙的低反差图片,照片最暗的地方也只是亮度高达50多的深灰色,照片最亮的地方也只是200多的浅灰色。照片的黑色和白色区域完全没有像素。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">所以我把曲线最右侧横向左移,此时原来亮度值(输入值)219的像素,全部被提亮到了255(输出值)的纯白色。照片中终于有了亮白的部分。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">同样我在曲线最左侧建立一个锚点,横向右拉,此时原来亮度值55的深灰色区域,就全部输出成了亮度为0的纯黑区域。照片中又有了深黑色。通过这两步,我们加大了照片黑白场的差距,照片的反差就大大提高了。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">黑白场差值大的图片一般层次丰富,鲜艳锐利。但是照片的黑白场差值并不是越高越好。一个很大的误区就是照片的黑场一定要是0,白场必须为255。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">实则不然,比如这张照片,照片的黑场是0,照片中有许多深黑区域,显得反差比较大,可能并不是我们想要的效果。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">我在曲线最左侧建立一个锚点,纵向上拉。这样输入值为0的纯黑部分,亮度被提高到了38。照片中不再有纯黑,最暗的部分(也就是黑场)也是亮度38的深灰色,这样的照片看起来更加的朦胧淡雅,符合我们想要的气氛。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(41, 148, 128);font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</em></strong></span></p><p label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><h2 label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="margin-top: -10px;margin-bottom: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: none;font-family: sans-serif;line-height: 11px;color: white;border-left: 30px solid rgb(41, 148, 128);background: rgb(73, 200, 149);">&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2><p style="margin: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对比度曲线</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">对比度曲线,其实就是摄影里几乎人人皆知的S型曲线和反S型曲线了。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">增强对比度曲线(S型曲线),其实就是在高光处建立锚点并提高,在阴影处建立锚点并降低,拉出一个像英语字母S一样的曲线。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">仔细观察S曲线,或许我们就能理解到其背后的原理。前面的教程我们提到过,一张照片按亮度从低到高分为黑色,阴影,中间调(曝光度),高光和白色5个部分。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">其中中间调区域的过渡与细节最为细腻。可以看到S型曲线中间部分,输入和输出值变化很小。所以S曲线在中间调区域的影响并不大,很好的保护了照片细节最丰富的部分。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">白色和黑色区域在最两端,S型曲线对这些亮度区域的改变也不大,有效防止了过曝和欠曝溢出。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">S曲线主要是提高了原来照片中高光部分的亮度,降低了阴影部分的亮度,让照片的影调更加偏向硬调。因此S曲线在保护黑白色与中间调细节的前提下,有效的提高了照片的对比度,几乎成为了大部分照片必用的一步。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">类似的,如果我们降低高光锚点,提高阴影锚点,形成一个反S的形状。就是降低对比度曲线了。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(41, 148, 128);font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</em></strong></span></p><p label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><h2 label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="margin-top: -10px;margin-bottom: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: none;font-family: sans-serif;line-height: 11px;color: white;border-left: 30px solid rgb(41, 148, 128);background: rgb(73, 200, 149);">&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2><p style="margin: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">应用曲线局部调整</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">前面三个曲线形态都是作用在照片的全局。但数码后期的一个核心思路,就是局部调整照片不同的区域,让每个区域在展现出最好效果的同时不要影响到其他区域。</span><br/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">比如这张图片,雪山和湖之间的草地一片漆黑,需要提亮。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">如果我直接应用提亮曲线,草地倒是变亮了,但雪山(高光部分)和天空(中间调部分)一下子就过曝了。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">所以我需要建立两个锚点,把提亮的高光和中间调部分重新拉回来。这样这条曲线就只提高了照片阴影部分的亮度。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">在局部调整曲线时,有一个非常有用的工具。就是圆圈中那个手一样的图标,点击它之后再把鼠标移动到图像里面,鼠标就会变成一个吸管,同时在右边曲线面板里,会实时显示吸管所在点对应在曲线里的位置。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">单击吸管,吸管所在的点,就会对应成一个锚点记录在直方图上,方便我们调整。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">比如这张图,我想降低深色的山体的亮度,同时又保持住白色雾气的亮度。所以我选择“手”图标后,先在红圈1的山体处点一下,曲线中对应建立了1锚点。再在雾气的红圈2处点一下,曲线中就建立了对应的2锚点。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">这样我下压1锚点,同时保持住2锚点,就只降低了阴影的山体区域,而高光的雾气则没有被影响。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">三种基本曲线虽然看起来都很简单,但当我们把这些基本形态结合起来的时候,却可以创作出丰富多样的复杂效果。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(41, 148, 128);font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6</em></strong></span></p><p label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><h2 label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="margin-top: -10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;outline: none;font-family: sans-serif;line-height: 11px;color: white;border-left: 30px solid rgb(41, 148, 128);background: rgb(73, 200, 149);">&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2><p style="margin: 20px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong>曲线组合应用:胶片效果曲线</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">下图是一张泰国美功铁路市场的照片,如果我们想让它更有胶片味儿。应该怎么调整呢?</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">最简单的办法就是直接套用PS里的颜色查找表(3D-Lut)工具了。各种预设好的胶片LUT,可以快速的让图片带上不同类型胶片的影调和色调。不过其实这些效果也是可以通过曲线来完成的。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">仔细观察下面这张套用 柯达5218胶片 LUT 的成片效果,可以发现它的直方图在保持对比度的同时有一个明显的右移,黑色区域完全没有像素。发灰的暗部给了我们一种照片暗部细节非常丰富的错觉,看起来就像是用高宽容度的胶片拍摄的。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">要消除直方图中的黑色像素很简单,使用我们学过的黑白场曲线,(竖直向上)提高照片的黑场锚点即可。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">不过这样不仅照片的暗部发灰,中间调和高光也变灰了。所以为了恢复对比度,我再在上面曲线的基础上拉一个S型曲线(增加对比度曲线)。这样这张照片就获得了很多胶片类似的影调,暗部发灰但对比度又很足。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">之后我们可以继续应用可选颜色、渐变映射、色相饱和度等等调色工具,给照片加上胶片的色调,这些色彩调整工具会在以后的教程中继续展开。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">这里的胶片曲线=提高黑场曲线+增强对比度曲线。我们并不需要记忆这个公式,因为有的胶片效果反而是需要减少对比度的。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">只要理解了三种基本的曲线形态,各种各样的效果我们都是可以组合出来的。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(41, 148, 128);font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7</em></strong></span></p><p label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><h2 label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="margin-top: -10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;outline: none;font-family: sans-serif;line-height: 11px;color: white;border-left: 30px solid rgb(41, 148, 128);background: rgb(73, 200, 149);">&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2><p style="margin: 20px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 20px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">曲线组合应用:暗调效果曲线</strong></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">下图是一张英国七姐妹白崖的照片,如果我们想让它更加的阴沉,仿佛世界尽头一样。应该怎么调整呢?</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">直接运用我们学过的压暗曲线,可以发现照片的中间调已经达到了我们想要的低沉影调。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">但是这样的话暗部几乎一片漆黑,失去了细节。所以我在暗部再增加一个锚点上拉,相当于在暗部又局部的应用了提亮曲线。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">这样虽然暗部细节回来了,但是阴影部分发灰严重,乌云已经完全失去了立体感。所以再在暗部建立2个锚点,叠加上一条S型曲线,提高暗部的对比度。可以发现天上的乌云内部的层次对比又展现了出来。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">最后在高光区也建立一个锚点上拉,相当于在高光部分叠加了一个局部提亮曲线,重新恢复了高光的亮度。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">这张暗调照片的最后曲线=全局压暗曲线+暗部提亮曲线+暗部增加对比度曲线+亮部提亮曲线。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">看起来很复杂,其实只要理解了原理非常简单,三种基本曲线的一步步的叠加应用而已。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(41, 148, 128);font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8</em></strong></span></p><p label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><h2 label="Copyright Jason Ng of Kenengba and knbknb" style="margin-top: -10px;margin-bottom: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: none;font-family: sans-serif;line-height: 11px;color: white;border-left: 30px solid rgb(41, 148, 128);background: rgb(73, 200, 149);">&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2><p style="margin: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">曲线组合应用:压黑漂白效果曲线</strong></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">压黑漂白效果很适合运动类,主体硬朗,以及感情强烈的片子。其特点如下图所示,有大量的纯黑或者纯白区域,反差强烈。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">下面是这张道路上飞驰的装甲车的原片,反差不够强烈,无法体现出装甲战士带给我们的冲击力。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">使用黑白场曲线右移黑场锚点,照片中很暗的部分全部都变成了纯黑。黑色倒是足够了,但黑白场曲线的副作用就是把整个图片都压黑了。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">所以在亮部建立锚点,用提亮曲线提高高光和中间调,营造硬朗的反差效果。这种扩大纯黑并提亮亮部的效果就称为压黑(Crushed Black)效果。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">与压黑类似的还有漂白效果。顾名思义,漂白效果就是照片整体提亮,白色溢出,同时暗处也变亮并压缩成深灰色,仿佛照片印在纸上再放进漂白水里漂白出来一样。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">下图是Gopro拍摄的皮划艇运动员Thomas。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">漂白曲线的前两部跟压黑曲线一样,先是把暗部变成纯黑,同时提亮照片。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">漂白效果会进一步让高光也溢出成白色,虽然丢掉细节,但是照片会更有明快动感的气氛。在曲线中可以通过左移白场锚点实现这个效果。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">最后我们把黑场的点再上移一段距离,可以理解成刚刚压缩成纯黑的暗部,提亮成了同一种深灰色。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">同样可以发现,漂白曲线也是由黑白场曲线和提亮曲线组合而成的,真的是万变不离其宗!</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">可以看到,不管是胶片曲线,暗调曲线,还是压黑漂白曲线,无论多么复杂的效果。其本质任然是提亮压暗,黑白场和对比度这3种基本曲线,在整体和各个局部组合而成的!</span></strong></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">所以我们并不需要死记硬背这些复杂效果的曲线长什么样。只要理解了三种基本曲线形态的作用,就可以根据需要,组合出自己想要的各种影调效果了!</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">本文节选自书籍《风光摄影后期基础》</span></strong></p><p></p><section><mpcps frameborder="0" class="js_editor_cps" data-datakey="1554731077603_0.4437239722111217" style="width:100% !important;border:0;" data-uid="1554731077600" 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style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_fVa" id="wcn_editor_css"/>

nthonyleejdsa 发表于 2021-8-3 18:53:38

简明扼要,曲线小白这次看懂了

yyhxhnzyq 发表于 2021-8-3 23:53:08

看了那么多曲线教程都没搞懂曲线怎么用。看了托马斯的瞬间有了头绪了
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查看完整版本: 一篇文章讲明白,摄影后期中的曲线到底怎么用~