【林秋明作品】牛田大捷与福清人今天吃“夏饼”习俗
<section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-size: 14px;text-align: start;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(222, 56, 64);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;">今天是立夏，福清人叫“五月五”，民间有吃“夏饼”的习俗。人们<span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(222, 56, 64);">吃“夏饼”时，是否会想起戚继光这位民族英雄呢？</span></span></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;"> 明年是戚继光抗倭重大战役之一的“牛田大捷”620周年，建议福清政府部门召开戚继光文化研讨会纪念他。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: center;"><br/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">一、牛田大捷</span></strong></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: center;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><br/></span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">福清龙田，古称</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">“牛田”，是福清俗称的“五镇”之一，为闽中海滨名镇。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">龙田置镇时间约在南宋。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">相传南宋时期，蒙古贵族的铁骑直驱南下，江浙一带的平民为躲避战乱，迁居于此，后来长期为朝廷牧牛放马，逐渐形成了集镇，故名“牛田”。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">明嘉靖年间，倭寇侵犯浙江沿海的同时，也严重掠袭福建各地。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">嘉靖四十一年（1562年），戚继光率兵6000人，往援福建。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">戚家军进入福建后，与倭寇连续作战，四战四捷。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">“牛田大捷”是其中最著名的战役。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">福清是倭寇在福建盘踞的另一个老巢。横屿收复后，戚家军开抵福清。倭寇听说明军大队人马将至，便联络通倭山寇约数万人全部集中在牛田一带。<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">倭寇的据点星罗棋布，势如长蛇，绵延30多里，意在一点被攻，各营可以声援而包围明军。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">戚继光率军来到福清，制定了作战方案，兵分三路进攻。一路由仓下进剿；一路由锦屏山下进剿；</section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">另一路从上迳进剿，一天夜里，戚家军以迅雷不及掩耳之势，将杞店（岑兜）的倭巢团团围住，敌人从梦中惊醒，到处乱窜。戚家军四面放火，杞店的倭寇全部被消灭。<br/></section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">之后，戚家军又回到锦屏山驻扎，并设下埋伏，使前来偷袭的倭寇全部落网。<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">戚继光率军一鼓作气，连破牛田、上薛、闻读等倭巢，生擒10名倭寇，斩首688级，烧死倭寇无数，并缴获武器369件，救出被掳群众900多人。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">屯据在其他据点的倭寇，见牛田大营溃败，闻风丧胆，纷纷逃窜。这就是“牛田大捷”。</section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><br/></span></strong></section><section style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">二、吃“夏饼”习俗</span></strong><br/></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"><br/></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">戚继光在福清抗倭期间，发明了如今福清人民十分喜爱的光饼。经过改良，现在福清光饼出现不少新品种，“夏饼”就是其中的一种。</section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">今天恰好是一年24个节气中的立夏。在福清，人们必须吃两样东西，一样是“面饼”（类似春卷），另一样是“夏饼”。</section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">“夏饼”是福清光饼的变种。每年立夏时分，光饼摊便有人出售“夏饼”。外婆要买些给外甥吃，以求“平夏”保平安。</section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">那天，家家户户不但煮“切面”吃，还要上街买回造型别致的“夏饼”，用红线串挂在儿童的胸前，让他们边玩边吃，尽情欢乐。</section><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">“夏饼”是用模具印制出来的，外形主要有“状元骑马”“公鸡叫更”“手枪”“鲤鱼过溪”“猴子抢桃”“弥勒欢笑”“观音送子”“弥勒坐禅”等。不同形状的“夏饼”，其寓意不同。例如“状元骑马”寓意高中状元，“鲤鱼过溪”寓意鱼跃龙门，事业成功。</section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section label="小黄人科技" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: start;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><article style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 22.4px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(53, 53, 53);bottom: auto;float: none;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-id="25722" data-support="96编辑器" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-id="25722" data-support="96编辑器" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><article style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 17.1429px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25486" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-color: rgb(157, 205, 246);border-radius: 8px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 15px 15px 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-position: 100% 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 15%;background-attachment: scroll;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-raw-text="林" data-textnode-index="41" data-index="1423" style="max-width: 100%;">作者：林秋明，福清三福文化研究院院长、</span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">福清市非遗研究会会长。</span><span data-raw-text="福" data-textnode-index="43" data-index="1450" style="max-width: 100%;">福清市政协委员、福清市政协文史委副主任、福清市社科联副主席、福州市政协文史研究员、闽都乡学讲习所讲师、</span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">福清市非物质文化遗产保护工作专家组成员</span><span data-raw-text="、" data-textnode-index="45" data-index="1520" style="max-width: 100%;">、福清市全民阅读活动推广大使。福清市“书香之家“、福州市“十大读书明星”、第三届“全国书香之家”获得者。</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><span data-raw-text=" " data-textnode-index="46" data-index="1572" style="max-width: 100%;"> 中国民间文艺家协会、中国通俗文艺研究会、中国诗歌学会、中国散文学会、中华诗词学会、福建省作家协会会员，中国收藏家协会会员兼书报刊收藏委员会委员，中国明史学会戚继光分会理事，福建省文化产业学会、福州市民间文艺家协会常务理事，福州市作家协会理事。</span></span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></article></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></article></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_b5R" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 儿时的记忆这座牌坊在何处？ 拜读全文，勾起儿时串串回忆。感谢作者，感谢楼主分享。
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