陈?? 发表于 2021-3-31 16:50:37

凝固的乐章——独具魅力福清古民居

<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 578px; vertical-align: top; border-width: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(243, 227, 181); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 568px; vertical-align: top; border-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(243, 227, 181);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 20px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 566px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 241);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(218, 198, 139); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1px;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">建筑是凝固的乐章。它集建筑结构、造型、彩绘、壁画、雕塑等于一体,是人类智慧和创造的结晶。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">福清建筑历史可上溯到新石器晚期。从东张古人类遗址上层出土的陶器、青铜器残片和住宅基地可以看出,当时福清土木建筑业已经比较发达。古民居,是福清现存文物类型中数量最多、保存最为丰富的一种。千百年来,勤劳智慧的福清人民通过扇厝、堡、宫等建筑形式,把自己的文化习俗、宗教信仰、审美艺术和精神风貌融入其中,形成了独具地方特色的建筑艺术和广博深邃的文化底蕴。</span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; line-height: 0; flex: 100 100 0%; align-self: flex-start; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 550px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 241);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px 16px; padding: 20px 10px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(252, 249, 242); flex: 100 100 0%; align-self: flex-start; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; text-align: center; justify-content: center;"><section style="margin: 0px -16px -8px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; align-self: flex-end; height: auto; line-height: 0.2;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: right; transform: rotateY(180deg); justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 8px; border-color: rgb(243, 66, 38) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(243, 66, 38);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 12px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; background-color: rgb(253, 134, 79); flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-start; z-index: 1; min-width: 10%; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; color: rgb(252, 249, 242);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.“扇”厝</p></section></section><section style="margin: -8px 0px 0px -16px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; align-self: flex-start; height: auto; line-height: 0.2;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: right; justify-content: flex-end; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 8px; border-color: rgb(243, 66, 38) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(243, 66, 38);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">福清古民居主建筑与我国传统建筑的布局特征一致,都在纵向的中轴线上,布置厅堂(殿堂)等主要建筑,两旁对称地布置房舍庭院。主座之外,其侧院则多数是比较灵活地随意布置,不一定按照对称布局。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">这种古建筑特点在“扇”厝中表现最为突出。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">在福清,较为常见的古民居是“四扇厝”“六扇厝”,偶尔可见“八扇厝”。“扇”厝,一般由厅堂、正房、书院及其它附属设施组成。其中,“四扇厝”为一厅两房;“六扇厝”为一厅四房,厅的两侧各有两间正房;“八扇厝”则为一厅六房,厅两旁各有三间正房。厅堂上基本都设有祭祀祖宗或供奉菩萨的神龛。厅前有天井,两旁有小书院(耳房)。天井大多以平砖铺成,留有缝隙用以栽花种草。</section><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">明清时期的福清古民居,其选址和朝向十分讲究堪舆。从住宅的高度、宽度到门窗的高度、宽度,都有固定的尺寸,但普遍存在墙矮、窗小、通风不足、采光不足等问题。建筑材料虽以土石、壳灰为主,却非常牢固。清代至民国时期,福清的民居多为平房,有两进、三进,甚至五进的。一些大户人家,其前房墙的上半部砌红砖,下半部砌条石或方整石,其它三面多为土墙,但仍以泥土为主,表里两面夹以“三合土”夯筑而成。在一些乡村,一些夯土筑成的房屋,竟然经过数百年风雨侵蚀而巍然挺立,足见其牢固程度不亚于砖石。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">福清老城区原有一处“十五落”的大厝,系明代吴姓府第,是福清乃至全省“扇”厝古民居的典范之作。该古民居建于明朝万历年间,其主座为六扇连续五进,每进之间以天井间隔;主座东西向各建有一附厝,均为四扇五进,形成一个三排十五落的庞大建筑群。可惜的是,“十五落”不幸于二十多年前的旧城改造时夷为平地,后人再也无法一睹它的芳容,成为历史的遗憾。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">福清还有一处古建筑群保护十分完好,堪称奇迹,那就是位于阳下镇北西亭的陈氏古居民群,由十几座穿斗式硬山顶结构的古厝组成,总建筑面积达数千平方米。陈氏古民居群式样独特、工艺精湛、布局严谨、开合有序、互为呼应、透视感极强,规模十分恢弘,令人叹为观止。不仅单体设计和施工堪称福清建筑史的上乘之作,其规模之巨大亦为闽东南所仅见。这个古民居群基本保留明清以来的建筑风格。它恰似一幅民俗长卷,融自然景观和人文景观为一体。其主体建筑上的各种木制装饰庄严肃穆、妙趣横生,在突出主建筑的前提下,趋于多样性,充分展现了福清建筑木刻成熟的艺术造诣。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">走进陈氏古民居群,就仿佛置身于一个庞大的近代民俗博物馆——头顶上合抱的古椽、脚底下平仄的青石板,窗门上惟妙惟肖的木刻,都分明在诉说着时光的流逝……陈氏古民居群超群的艺术魅力,在水泥建筑物疯长的今日,愈加突显出其独特的价值。在我市保存如此大规模的古民居群实乃罕见。</section><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">位于镜洋镇磨石村的黄氏古厝,是聚居式古民居群,每座皆为典型的悬山顶砖木结构,规模庞大,占地面积有50余亩,有的三进三天井,有的五进四天井……该古民居群红砖碧瓦,十分壮观,据考证始建于明代,有400多年历史。据介绍,当时文人进京赶考都要从该古厝门前通过,并在此略做休整。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">位于渔溪镇联华村朱里自然村的郭氏古民居,则为硬山顶结构,共三进,有护厝五座,据说为明清时的建筑物。该民居端庄、古朴,规模也十分庞大,令人惊叹不已。</section><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;"><section style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; text-align: center; justify-content: center;"><section style="margin: 0px -16px -8px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; align-self: flex-end; height: auto; line-height: 0.2;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: right; transform: rotateY(180deg); justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 8px; border-color: rgb(243, 66, 38) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(243, 66, 38);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 12px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; background-color: rgb(253, 134, 79); flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-start; z-index: 1; min-width: 10%; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; color: rgb(252, 249, 242);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.堡</p></section></section><section style="margin: -8px 0px 0px -16px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; align-self: flex-start; height: auto; line-height: 0.2;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: right; justify-content: flex-end; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 8px; border-color: rgb(243, 66, 38) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(243, 66, 38);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">“堡”,是福建山区独有的一种防卫性极强的民居形式。明朝嘉靖年间,倭患猖獗,民众纷纷筑堡自卫。其间,广大民众或同一强宗大族,或联合各姓宗族,聚居于城堡,并结成一个具有半军事性质的乡族组织,共同抵御倭寇侵扰。此后,明清至民国时期,为避免匪患袭扰,民间“城堡式”建筑又不断得到新的发展。</section><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">位于福清一都东山村的东关寨,堪称是一座“城堡式”建筑物,与闽西的土楼有异曲同工之妙。东关寨建于清朝乾隆元年(1736),距今已有280多年历史,系当地何氏家族为防御盗匪而联合筹资兴建的。东关寨为土木结构,呈长方形状,总长76米,宽55米。全寨分上下两层,共99间,系中轴线对称布局,3座并排,中厅面阔5间,进深1间。围墙底座由花岗岩垒砌而成,上半部为土筑,厚约两米。寨内有跑马道(又称环寨唢廊),宽两米,可供跑马巡逻。寨墙上开有小窗,供了望和射击之用。环寨唢廊内有三列建筑,南主寨门一列为纵向、风火墙式主建筑,共三进;主建筑两侧的两列建筑则是横向的,又称横厝。全寨在东南、西南、西北三处开门,寨门以重阳木制成,十分厚重。门顶有出水洞,以防寨外的人火攻寨房。</section><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">东关寨依山而建,每进房屋院落都递次升高。它背靠大山,负阴抱阳,冬无严寒,夏无酷暑,达到天人合一、至善至美的境地。也正由此,才形成了精美绝伦的建筑空间艺术,收到了令人叹为观止的空间效果。纵观全寨,其规模宏大、风格独特、布局合理、结构紧凑、桁架巧妙错叠,依然保持着清代建筑风格,对研究福建清代建筑艺术风格具有较高参考价值。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">近几年,东关寨已被开辟为福清西部旅游胜地之一,备受省内外游客的青睐。</section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;"><section style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; text-align: center; justify-content: center;"><section style="margin: 0px -16px -8px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; align-self: flex-end; height: auto; line-height: 0.2;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: right; transform: rotateY(180deg); justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 8px; border-color: rgb(243, 66, 38) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(243, 66, 38);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 12px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; background-color: rgb(253, 134, 79); flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-start; z-index: 1; min-width: 10%; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; color: rgb(252, 249, 242);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.宫</p></section></section><section style="margin: -8px 0px 0px -16px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; align-self: flex-start; height: auto; line-height: 0.2;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: right; justify-content: flex-end; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 8px; border-color: rgb(243, 66, 38) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(243, 66, 38);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">福清有一些古建筑,艺术穿透力强,具有庄严、雄伟、富丽等特点,尤以新厝一带的“宫殿式”古民居最具代表。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">清代至民国时期,新厝一带的古民居受莆仙文化等闽南风格的影响,多建成重檐翘脊、歇山顶式的“宫殿式”建筑物。</section><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">新厝“宫殿式”古民居多系砖木结构,也有部分土木和砖石结构。建筑的间数除了中间大厅外,旁边有房子四间、六间或八间不等,也有双落、三落等大厝。正座之侧常常还有附厝。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">这些“宫殿式”古民居,斗、拱与枋间大多雕刻飞禽走兽、奇花异草,十分逼真。门扇以木质方条拼接各种文字或图案,相接之处不现出榫。楼上的正厅屏门,有时还木刻鱼、樵、耕、读等浮雕,人物形态栩栩如生。</section><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">位于新厝镇岭边村的一处进士第,建于清乾隆四十一年(1776)。主人郭孔誉,他早先盖主厅,后陆续扩建,形成一处拥有三落厅、七重护厝、三十四个天井、一百二十个房间的庞大建筑群,后人称呼其“百二间”。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">“百二间”廊檐甚多,高低错落、组合巧妙、装修细腻,显示出工匠无与伦比的高超技艺。“百二间”厅房布局与四扇厝、六扇厝相似,所不同的是,它的附厝重重叠叠,进入这处建筑,犹如走进一个眼花缭乱的迷宫。</section><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">“百二间”建筑群规模庞大、气势恢宏,建筑风格和艺术造诣实属罕见,堪称福清建筑史上的奇观,可惜遭到一定程度的损毁。数年前,福州市文物局曾把它的盛况拍摄成电视专题片。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">上世纪60年代以后,新厝“宫殿式”古民居翘脊风格逐渐弱化。近年来新建房屋多为单檐悬山顶结构,这种建筑形式多把砖木结构改为砖石间木,房屋外观常用瓷砖拼接成的各种吉祥图案。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">悠久的历史,灿烂的文化,带来了福清古民居多姿多样的风格。这些古民居虽历经千百年风雨,却风采依然。那一砖一木、一梁一栋,仿佛是凝固的音符,透出或雅致、或神秘、或灵动、或威严的韵味。</section><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.098); transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者:林秋明</p></section></section></section></section><p></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_pAm" id="wcn_editor_css"/>

绝色 发表于 2021-6-4 01:19:56

超喜欢逛古民居
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