福清龙江书院及其对八闽理学的贡献
<section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; 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padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-size: 14px; text-align: start; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(222, 56, 64); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 37px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">福清早在唐代就有书院。那时是朝廷订校书籍的地方。元明清时期的书院分官办和私立，兼具祭祀和讲学功能。讲学方面是以研究和传播经典文化为己任，教人以修身、齐家、治国、平天下之道，经世安邦之策。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-size: 14px; text-align: start; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(222, 56, 64); overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">坎坷历程</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 福清有据可查的书院有22所。宋代3所：<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">三峰（最早）、龙江、石塘</span>，明代2所：<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">鳌江、闻读</span>，清代11所：<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">瑞峰、明德、双旌、兴庠、正音、豸山、梯云、德馨、凤岗、龙源、梅魁</span>。朝代不明的6所：<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">龙文、辽天、鳌峰、崇品、见龙、虞阳</span>。另有<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">紫阳、漈阳、探骊</span>等等。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 在福清所有书院中，最著名的是龙江书院。它原位于海口镇后井村，后移址于龙山（瑞峰山、麟山）北麓。龙江书院是福清历史上影响最大的书院，被誉为“东南第一书院”。因初创时为朝廷特准在县级以下创办的由政府备案的书院，故名“钦敕书院”，后以位于龙江之滨，改名“龙江书院”</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 龙江书院的创办历经了曲折的过程。它始建于北宋。宋宣和六年（1124年），镇官陈麟“以钱三十万重修”。自此成为地方学校。院内有书堂、大成殿、明伦堂、三贤祠等。随后，章觉“以家赀五十万缗经营二十年未就”。淳熙元年（1174年），知县刘敦“出官布三十万，仍旧址更葺之”。翌年，知县范处义又拨款三十万予以扩建。莆田籍使君潘时用写了“孔子庙”隶书3字。开禧年间，莆田籍镇官陈宿“请诸县以里生员分隶”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 庆元五年（1199年），海口镇进士林圃为之写记。后书院损毁。元至正十六年（1356年），山长张子房经福清知州申国辅同意，“捐俸率里人得楮币五十贯”，重修大成殿、讲堂、明伦堂。在东西两庑供奉孔子七十二贤。明洪武初年，张子房被革职，书院日渐颓废，被用作庙祀。洪武二十五年（1392年），泽朗山巡检张敬捐资重修。嘉靖四年（1525年），镇东卫百户陈洪“奏为卫学，不允”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 嘉靖三十四年（1555年），书院被倭寇烧毁，后重建于龙江之麓，匾仍为宋额曰“文庙”。万历二十年（1592年），县衙以一县不能有两座孔子庙为由，改为龙江书院。清顺治三年（1646年），清兵攻入海口镇，残暴屠城。300?多名秀才为保卫书院，与清兵血战，全部牺牲。书院尽毁。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 龙江书院虽历经坎坷，最后不存，却依旧光彩夺目，成为福清古代教育史光辉的典范。据统计，海口镇先后走出进士、明经、举人、拔贡、荐辟等近190人，且同榜进士不乏其人。这么多人才相继涌现，龙江书院功不可没。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="25729" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-size: 14px; text-align: start; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section data-style-id="25729" data-support="96编辑器" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(222, 56, 64); overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">致力传播理学思想</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 说起龙江书院，要浓墨介绍5位理学家<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">王苹、林光朝、林亦之、陈藻、林希逸</span>。林光朝是林亦之的老师，林亦之是陈藻的老师，陈藻是林希逸的老师。5人的理学思想一脉相承。他们为朱程学说在八闽大地的开发结果做出重大贡献。其中，<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">王苹、林光朝、林亦之、陈藻相继在龙江书院讲学，其突出贡献使海口镇成为“理学重镇”。林光朝、林亦之、陈藻被誉为“三贤”。当时龙江书院的“三贤祠”供奉着他们3人的塑像。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"> 王苹</span>（1082—1153年），福清刹上（今龙山街道龙山）人。少时随父迁居平江（今江苏吴县），“资清养粹”的王苹之后成为理学家程颐的得意门生。宋绍兴四年（1134年），丞相赵升把王苹推荐给宋高宗。王苹“谋合众，则合天心”、用人“不蔽于好恶”的主张得到宋高宗赏识，被赐进士出身，任右迪功郎，加秘书省正字兼史馆校勘。王苹“有忧时爱君之心”，主张国家要兴旺，不能光治标，还要治本。治本有三：一正心诚意，二辨君子小人，三除朋党积习。参编《神宗实录》不久，改任右承奉郎，升著作郎。随后到常州任通判，主管台州崇道观。不久，王苹因侄子王谊撰写《罢相对》讽刺秦桧，被株连革职。后回龙江书院讲学，传播程学理论。秦桧去世后，王苹获赦，而此时他已去世两年了。著有《论语直解著作集》《周易传》《论语集解》等。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">林光朝</span>（1114—1178年），莆田人。福清郑侠之婿。少时力学知书。两次落第。后在浙江钱塘从学于陆景端。再得理学名儒周敦颐真传。返回莆田后创办红泉义学，每年学生达数百人，被称为“南夫子”。曾到福清龙山书院讲学经年。宋隆兴元年（1163年）考中进士。因不当言语得罪宋孝宗，贬为永福（今永泰）知县。宋乾道五年（1169年）后，先后任著作佐郎兼礼部郎官，国子司业兼太子侍读，广西、广东提点刑狱，国子祭酒兼太子左谕德。宋淳熙四年（1177年），宋孝宗听了林光朝讲解《中庸》，赞不绝口，面赐金紫，升其为工部侍郎。后外调任朝散郎充集英殿修撰、婺州知州，提举江州太平兴国宫。著有《艾轩集》《易解》《诗书语录》《中庸解》《庄子解》等。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">林亦之</span>（1136—1185年），海口镇人。莆田红泉学派代表。早年云游四方，后在莆田红泉书院学习，师从理学家林光朝。林光朝弟子数百人，“言高弟必（林）亦之也”。林光朝故去，林亦之任该书院讲习。宰相赵汝愚闻其才，延请到东井书堂讲学，并向朝廷举荐。遗憾的是，诏书未达，林亦之就去世了。朝廷追赠其迪功郎。著有《论语·考工记》《毛诗·庄子解》《玉融志》《网山集》等。南宋诗人刘克庄称其文“高过《檀弓》《谷粱》，平处犹与韩（愈）并驱。诗律高妙，绝类唐人”。刘克庄少时曾拜林亦之之子林简为师。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">陈藻</span>，生年不详，享年75岁。侯官（今福州）人，后迁居海口镇横塘。把自己的读书处称为“乐轩”，并以此作为自己的号。陈藻屡试不第，后追随林亦之，到莆田红泉书院学习。他“明理究学，浩然自得”，深得林亦之精髓。林亦之去世后，任红泉书院教习。平时“入则课妻子耕织，出则诱生徒弦诵……独志孔、颜之学”。宋景定年间，门人林希逸向朝廷推荐，朝廷赠其迪功郎。著有《语、孟、庄子、杜诗解》等。其著作由林希逸编为《乐轩集》。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"> 林希逸</span>（1193—1271），渔溪镇苏田人。解试、省试均第一。林希逸在红泉书院时跟从陈藻。宋端平二年（1232年）考中进士后，先后任司农少卿、秘书少监、太常少卿、中书舍人。其“乞伸言路，早决大计，以慰人望”的意见受到宋理宗重视。林希逸对他已故老师陈藻，师祖林亦之和曾祖师林光朝十分推崇，搜集他们的遗作，编为《三先生集》。知兴化军时，修三先生祠，提请尚书省禁止在林亦之、陈藻的墓地采樵，每年春秋亲自到学宫祭奠。宋景定年间，奏请朝廷追封林光朝、林亦之、陈藻。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 林希逸乃理学硕儒，诗书画兼长，对勾股、粟米等亦有深究。著有《庄子鬳斋口义》《老子鬳斋口义》《列子鬳斋口义》《竹溪集》等。元末明初，“三口义”远传日本，一度主导日本的思想界，被尊崇为“三教一致”论的最权威学术著作。文天祥赞林希逸“言语文章足以诏今传后”。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p><br/></p><p>来源：文化福清</p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_pAm" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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