次要人物 发表于 2026-1-13 09:32:05

【玉融文化】渐行渐远的乡村记忆

<p><br/></p><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 100 100 0%; background-color: rgb(255, 247, 244); height: auto; padding: 10px 20px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(255, 173, 173); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;">听评话:村夜里的声画盛宴</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 16px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; margin: 0px 0px 0px -16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 0; align-self: flex-end; border-top: 1px solid rgb(255, 173, 173); border-left: 1px solid rgb(255, 173, 173); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(135deg) scale(1.4); transform-origin: center center; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 7px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 173, 173); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left; line-height: 0; width: 0px; vertical-align: top; visibility: visible;" role="img" aria-label="插图"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;"></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;">旧时的乡村,月光总比灯盏更慷慨。识字人不多,线装书里的刀光剑影、恩怨情仇,那是“字墨开”的人涉足的,反倒是评话先生的一张嘴,能让整个村庄在黑夜里沸腾起来。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;">那时请戏班是件奢侈事,锣鼓家什、戏服行头,一搬就是好几个大木箱,一场戏的花费够农户买一整年的口粮。评话却不同,场地不拘,几张毛票就能请评话先生来村里开讲,“一名演员撑一场,一片铙钹一片天”。东家只需搬一张八仙桌,摆上粗瓷茶壶和茶碗,再放一盏玻璃罩煤油灯,便支起了整个娱乐场子。</span></span></p><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; visibility: visible;" nodeleaf=""></section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">评话先生来的时候,总是背着个背包,里头装着三样宝贝:铜钣、惊堂木和折扇。他不必化妆,时常身着蓝色粗布长衫,往灯影里一站,铜钣敲响,听众早搬来条椅、短凳,围得里三层外三层。听众不要买票,所以无论男女老少,想来就来,想走就走。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">听评话,一般都选在秋夏季节。夜晚,晒场上星星爬满天空时,评话就开讲。评话先生亮开嗓子,先唱段序头,调子是福州特有的腔,像山涧水绕着石头转,咿咿呀呀里藏着故事的引子。接着话锋一转,改用福州话道白,轻重缓急全凭情节走——说薛仁贵征东,声音陡然拔高,铜钣敲得急促,仿佛千军万马踏过荒原;讲包公审案,惊堂木一拍,眼神一凛,连角落里吃奶的娃娃都停了哭闹。故事说到半场紧要处,他会突然停住,慢悠悠端起茶碗,唱一句“评话先讲这里止,茶(烟)吃一嘴(筒)再起场”,人群里便响起哈哈哈的笑声。有人借机在先生茶壶里续水,先生烟袋锅里的火星明明灭灭,像散落的故事碎片。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">评话,是中国独有的一种古老的曲艺形式,在南方有着广泛的受众。与扬州评话、杭州评话、宜春评话等“一说到底”不同,福州评话以别具一格的说中带唱,同时伴奏乐器、曲本体裁等都非常特别,被誉为“讲唱文学的活化石”。现代著名作家、福建长乐人郑振铎曾在其著作《中国俗文学史》中,专门介绍这种故乡特有的讲唱艺术。2006年,福州评话与福州闽剧、福州伬唱一起,被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。</span></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" nodeleaf=""></section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">据说,评话先生很少有师承某人,他们都是靠艺人口口相传、看戏读书,外加本人悟性积累而成的。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">评话剧目有《薛仁贵征东》《薛刚反唐》《说岳》《水浒》《西游记》《三国》《杨家将》《七侠五义》《包公斩陈世美》,以及乡土题材的《甘国宝》《郑唐》《马乐一日君》《梁天来》等等几十部。一部《说岳》,能讲上十天半个月,岳飞枪挑小梁王时,先生的折扇挥得虎虎生风,额角青筋都跟着跳;说到风波亭,声音沉得像浸了水,满场只剩蝉鸣和叹息。孩子们最爱听《西游记》,先生学孙悟空的尖嗓子,学猪八戒的憨腔;折扇遮脸便是白骨精变脸,铜钣摇响就是金箍棒挥舞;灯影里他的身子在晃动,忽大忽小像是妖魔鬼怪在眼前跳跃……评话先生借助手中的铜钣、醒木和折扇,以及自己的说唱腔调、面部表情、形体动作来演绎一部故事,说得绘声绘色,台下听众听得如痴如醉。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">在农村,喜欢听评话的人不少,许多人不但在本村听,而且还跑到外村听。常有邻村蹭听的人打着手电筒赶来,气喘吁吁地往人缝里一挤,问“讲到哪段了”,旁边人便忙不迭地把前情提要相告。</span></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" nodeleaf=""></section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">&nbsp;散场时往往三更天了。先生收了家伙,东家付清资费,听众们三三两两地往回走,嘴里还念叨着剧情。月光把人们的影子拉得很长,评话里的英雄好汉,仿佛也跟着走在乡间的小路上。那些没读过书的庄稼人,就靠着这一回回的说唱,记住了岳飞的忠、包公的廉、孙悟空的勇,也记住了日子里除了耕种收获,还有这般荡气回肠的滋味。</span></span></p></section><p><br/></p><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 100 100 0%;background-color: rgb(255, 238, 234);height: auto;padding: 10px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">扛戏牌:戏台下的少年江湖</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 0%;height: auto;margin: 0px 0px 0px -16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 0;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; "><section style="display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px;border-color: rgb(255, 173, 173) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 173, 173);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">闽剧剧团进村,一般都是在祠堂戏台上演出,入口处都有戏班人把守。旧时虽然一张票才8分钱,但囊中羞涩的小孩哪有钱买票看戏?为此,孩子们早早就围着戏班打转,眼睛直勾勾盯着后台——那里挂着绣金线的戏服,凤冠上的珠子闪闪发亮。</span></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" nodeleaf=""></section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">想看戏,只能扛戏牌去!</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">何谓“扛戏牌”?就是替戏班子做“活海报”的差使。戏班子用一张彩色纸,写上戏班名称、上演曲目、时间、地点、票价,然后把这张纸贴在一块木牌上。戏班管事瞧瞧围了一大圈的孩子,严肃认真地点了五六个看起来机灵一点的,塞给他们一套锣鼓钣,交代了要走的各村都要走到,任务完成了再来领取戏票。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">&nbsp;领了这份“美差”,孩子们立刻分了工:两个力气大的扛着戏牌走在最前头,嗓子尖的负责喊戏讯和轮流敲锣鼓,“咚锵、咚锵”的声儿能传出半里地。他们先在本村东南西北转悠,然后才出村,游走于附近乡村的大路小巷,把“戏讯”传递给村民们。这样辛苦半天,就能赚取几张戏班子送的免费戏票。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">日头偏西时,几个孩子已跑遍了周边乡村,脚丫子上沾着泥,嗓子喊得发哑,可手里的锣鼓钣依然敲个不停。回到祠堂,管事验了戏牌——彩纸虽有些皱,字却还清晰,便爽快地给了一人一张戏票。孩子们捏着薄薄的纸片,比得了压岁钱还高兴。</span></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;" nodeleaf=""></section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">&nbsp;大戏开场,锣鼓声响,扛戏牌的孩子们挤在前排,虽然听不懂唱词里的字义,但也混着台下的叫好声欢呼雀跃。毕竟,能靠自己的脚力换来一场好戏,这在少年的江湖里,可是件值得吹嘘很久的事。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: right; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">via知福清</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: right; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">作者:薛守维</span></span></p></section><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_cKz" id="wcn_editor_css"/>

半度微凉 发表于 2026-1-13 21:46:33

一张八仙桌摆上粗瓷茶壶和茶碗,再放一盏玻璃罩煤油灯,便支起了整个娱乐场子。

半度微凉 发表于 2026-1-14 09:11:10

简单的快乐

清香百合花 发表于 2026-1-21 13:31:07

学到了很多东西。

半度微凉 发表于 2026-2-26 09:12:51

远去的记忆
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