【玉融文化】从一首诗看叶向高晚年心态变迁
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010513" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010513"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p>玉融文化</p><p> </p><p>“万般皆下品,惟有读书高。”古之读书人,之所以寒窗十载,映雪萤囊,穷经皓首,其最高目的自然是求取功名,之后达官显贵,耀祖光宗,当然也可报效君国。叶向高应不例外。</p><p>(一)</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240603173002front2_0_153532_Fk31k1_NXNPyhYIqe2ThO9TXMG2M.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="1921" data-qf-origin="forum/20240603173002front2_0_153532_Fk31k1_NXNPyhYIqe2ThO9TXMG2M.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>查叶氏自撰年谱《蘧编》,知其六岁“外傅读书”。十四岁“即赋邑试”,原议“欲置余第一”,“邑令以为年太少,即居第三”。二十一岁,“举福建乡试第二十五名”。万历十一年(1583),“余二十五岁,举南宫七十八名”。同年参加廷试,登“二甲十二名。选庶吉士第六名”。此后,叶向高历官翰林院编修、国子监司业、中允、在谕德兼侍讲、左春坊左庶子兼侍读、南京吏部侍郎,最后三次进入内阁两度终任首辅。</p><p>叶向高的经历,是当时绝大多数知识分子孜孜以求的一条“康庄大道”,受到多少人的艳羡。可正是进入纶扉,经历内忧外患,方知“高处不胜寒”,才觉一己之力力不从心。特别是进入晚年之后,叶氏大彻大悟,上疏近百,力求乞归,退隐田园。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240603173021front2_0_153532_Fu0WqXn_y-Ml6aXtnUAdN4di6_1p.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="500" height="375" data-qf-origin="forum/20240603173021front2_0_153532_Fu0WqXn_y-Ml6aXtnUAdN4di6_1p.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>(二)</p><p>坊间曾流传叶问高的一首七律诗,题为《题豆区园》,诗云:</p><p>新筑书斋壁未干,马蹄催我上长安。</p><p>倚年只道为官好,没齿方觉入仕难。</p><p>千里江山千里运,一番风雨一番寒。</p><p>何如静坐书斋里,翠竹青松等闲看。</p><p>细查叶氏自选自编的《苍霞诗草》,未见此诗,有人断言为伪作。但我却以为,这首诗不论是叶氏所作,或是他人伪托,却真真切切道出叶氏从“倚年”时光追求仕途,到经历官场风雨后感悟“入仕难”,进而百疏求去的迫切心态。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240603173035front2_0_153532_FncB9dr80J2dU_nYN4BnO5Fo-TK6.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="807" data-qf-origin="forum/20240603173035front2_0_153532_FncB9dr80J2dU_nYN4BnO5Fo-TK6.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>诗的开首“新筑书斋壁未干”一句,可知这首诗应创作于明万历四十八年(1620)。万历四十三年(1615),叶氏第一次归隐田亩。叶氏归隐愈五年后,为了让晚年有个休闲之所,他将早年购得的小园重建,作为书斋,准备在此与“青松翠竹等闲看”,享受一段恬适惬意的日子。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240603173051front2_0_153532_FrI76gdeY_WQ7Tuogd647g5bliPK.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="810" data-qf-origin="forum/20240603173051front2_0_153532_FrI76gdeY_WQ7Tuogd647g5bliPK.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>可是,正是这一年七月,万历皇帝驾崩,叶向高的学生、太子朱常洛登基,年号泰昌。朱常洛意图重振朝廷纲纪,于是急招叶氏晋京重新入阁,因而就有“马蹄催我上长安”之说。叶氏在这首诗中表现出虽然身处纶扉早已厌倦,但为了辅佐自己的学生,又必须“明知有风雨,仍需要逆行”的一种复杂心态。</p><p>众所周知,叶向高的出生地福建福清,古时被视为偏远海陬之地,山高皇帝远。幼时,福清等沿海地区又饱经倭难,其所见所闻都是人间疾苦。因而自少年开始,叶向高就立志奋发有为,憧憬“朝为田舍郎,暮登天子堂”的未来。诗中“倚年只道为官好”一句,应是中国2000年封建社会士大夫共有的心态。叶向高也不例外。</p><p>十年寒窗,半生奔波,加以天资聪颖,叶向高终于修成正果,荣登进士,成为“天子门生”,又由于机缘巧遇,当上了内阁首辅。这样的履历,应该是古代读书人中少有的幸运儿。</p><p>叶向高是幸运的,但又是不幸的。</p><p>他生活和从政的年代,与明朝一位充满复杂性和争议性的皇帝万历皇帝朱翊钧颇有交集。朱翊钧统治时期长达48年,是明代在位最长的皇帝。早年支持张居正改革,实行开明政治,推动了“万历中兴”。后期却因与大臣们的“国本之争”,以及因腿疾严重等原因28年不上朝,导致国家政治混乱,终致大明王朝走向衰亡。叶向高进入内阁之时,正是万历皇帝懒政怠政时期,宫廷争宠,党阀争权,皇帝慵政享乐,群臣素位尸餐的活生生现实,以及边夷屡犯辽事无解,不断积聚的内忧外患,着着实实让他深感痛苦与无奈,这才误出了“没齿方觉出仕难”的真缔。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240603173222front2_0_153532_Fo7uDmTxZSHzFwwy80ilQIIxp59i.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="810" data-qf-origin="forum/20240603173222front2_0_153532_Fo7uDmTxZSHzFwwy80ilQIIxp59i.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>(三)</p><p>叶氏晚年经历了纷繁的政治争斗,之后对怡淡生活特别迷恋的心情,从其退隐后醉心山林、开辟福庐、外护黄檗、重建香山等足迹亦可见得。尤其是在他那时的众多文稿中,更可直接窥见。</p><p>叶向高在《王康国六十寿序》开首就写道,“凡世之营营然欲有所求者,皆以自适其躬也。其所大欲深求,又莫过于年。乃其得年也,又不为自适其躬之图,而日驰逐奔走,敝其精神,役其耳目手足,以从事于功名富贵之场。至于穷年皓首,名位己极,而然不肯休,盖非独愚不肖为”。</p><p>文中,叶向高由衷赞叹,“公之所以得从容恬适于山水之间,清净之地,演青鸟而翻白马......今徼被主恩,复归田里,与公周旋于桑梓枌榆,把酒为欢,盖幸其休,自愧其不早也,而犹喜其得从公之后也”。</p><p>王锡侯(1558-1622),字康国,出于福清锦江王氏(今福建福清港头锦江村),两者相差一岁,友情始于童年,生逢倭乱,同遇患难;年青时才华相当,相知相惜;年长后,更是意气相投,终成莫逆。叶向高以相国之尊,为长年居高地方的王锡侯六十岁寿所作之“序”,其间悔不早退的表白,当不全是谦阿之词。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240603173239front2_0_153532_Fg-bF9augmO8kKYT7-yemuHjyIFa.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="810" data-qf-origin="forum/20240603173239front2_0_153532_Fg-bF9augmO8kKYT7-yemuHjyIFa.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>福清港头锦江王氏宗祠</p><p> </p><p>叶向高七律《题豆区园》和《王康国六十寿序》,都道出了叶氏晚年的生活态度和矛盾心路。作者:严家梅,福清市社科专家</p><p> </p><p>来源:知福清</p><p>2024-06-03 17:20 福建</p> <!----></div> 写的很好的一首诗词
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