【玉融文化】福清节俗：农历“四月八”
<p><br/></p><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 250.484px; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 0;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 237.953px; height: auto; border-radius: 50%; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-lazy-bgimg="https://www.fqlook.cn/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/diaXEtZWWnkA2wM6QAXOLdQQzyfr8S98agTFUjmXS7yQLbibNBcjDTUbm0UZNwG8fvvVbEiaTsxDJRib9BfnSNiavNA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg" class="" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 21px; height: 33px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: url(https://www.fqlook.cn/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/diaXEtZWWnkA2wM6QAXOLdQQzyfr8S98agTFUjmXS7yQLbibNBcjDTUbm0UZNwG8fvvVbEiaTsxDJRib9BfnSNiavNA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=15&wx_lazy=1); background-size: contain !important;"><section style="margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">节</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">气</p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 0;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 29px; height: auto;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 5%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 0; transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 54px; height: auto;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 0;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 55px; height: auto;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 21px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section data-lazy-bgimg="https://www.fqlook.cn/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/diaXEtZWWnkA2wM6QAXOLdQQzyfr8S98awiaSCHLMSjkHRIM9HQ6rEjnfQCLh0ibqLeaht8hFoFdmydZY2icRE9jTA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg" class="" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 19px 32px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 405.516px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: url(https://www.fqlook.cn/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/diaXEtZWWnkA2wM6QAXOLdQQzyfr8S98awiaSCHLMSjkHRIM9HQ6rEjnfQCLh0ibqLeaht8hFoFdmydZY2icRE9jTA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=15&wx_lazy=1); background-size: 100% 100% !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">今年5月15日是农历四月初八。这时节立夏刚过，小满将至，夏日溽暑一天天逼近。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（一）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">现今的年轻一代可能不懂，在福清民间，“四月八”还是个小节日。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">旧时到了这一天，家家户户都要把冬日使用的棉被、草席撤离，连同厚重的冬衣一齐洗刷干净，暴晒于烈日之下，清除跳蚤、虱子、臭虫等烦人一个冬春的寄生虫。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">在这一天，乡村老少还要炒吃各种豆类，诸如蚕豆、豌豆、黄豆，香香脆脆、哔哩吧啦大快朵颐。特别是当季新收获的豌豆，圆润如黄龙玉宝珠，炒熟了闻香遐迩。豌豆的播种面积不多，产量有限，家长们常用小酒盅丈量，每个孩子分上一盅，也不过十几粒。男孩装在口袋里，几口就吃光了；女孩用小手帕包起来，慢慢品尝。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">农谚道：“四月八，炒‘虼蚤’（跳蚤），炒‘木虱’（臭虫）。”善哉斯言！在初夏的日光之下，咀嚼着嘴中喷香的豆子，想象着将跳蚤、虱子这些害人虫一齐吃掉，颇见乡村难得一遇的闲情逸致。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（二）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">跳蚤、虱子、臭虫三种害虫，在卫生条件不佳的环境里极易孳生，常与人类及其它的哺乳动物相伴相生，吸吮热血，传播疾病。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">旧时盛传一句俗语：“穷生虱母富生疮。”意思是，身上有虱子是贫穷人家的“专利”，颇有点阿Q精神。至于富裕人家为什么生疮？有说他们身着绫罗绸缎，一天一套新，公子小姐皮肤细嫩，经不起磨损，故有“生疮”一说。另有一说，是比喻有钱人家为富不仁，品德败坏，内心不良。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">提到“阿Q精神”，中国现代文学史上第一部白话小说，鲁迅先生的《阿Q正传》，其中一节就活灵活现描述了阿Q与王胡比赛抓虱子的情形。阿Q“许多工夫，只捉到三四个”。而那王胡“却是一个又一个，两个又三个，只放在嘴里毕毕剥剥的响。”什么都是输的阿Q，等而下之到身上的虱子，都比不过他向来“非常藐视”的王胡，于是主动发起攻打，其结果可想而知……</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（三）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">以虱子、跳蚤作为具象的民间歇后语不少，比如，闭眼吃虱子——眼不见为净；吃虱子留后腿——小气；口中蚤虱——易如反掌，形容极易消灭的敌人。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">而“虱多不痒，债多不愁”这句流传甚广的熟语，那是古早时中国穷苦人家共有的“阿Q精神”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">在中国文学史上，跳蚤、虱子曾一度风光无限，伴着许多历史故事。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">鲁迅先生在一篇演讲词《魏晋风度及文章与药及酒之关系》中也说：“所以在文章上，虱子的地位很高，‘扪虱而谈’，当时竟传为美谈。”成语“扪虱而谈”的典故，出自《晋书·王猛传》记载的一个故事：十六国时期，大臣王猛不修边幅，与东晋大将恒温见面，“一面谈当世之事，扪虱而言，旁若无人”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">“竹林七贤”之一嵇康，“身长七八尺，风姿特秀”，温润如玉、谈吐不凡，但他自承：“头面常一月十五日不洗，不大闷痒，不能沐也”，而且“性复多虱，把搔无已”。在浑身生虱的外表之下，却旷达放纵，藏着一颗热爱自由之心。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">四大古典名著之一《水浒传》中，梁山水泊落草的一百另八位将领，个个都有绰号，绰号起得最具神韵的，窃以为是“鼓上蚤”时迁。时迁是个偷儿，其过硬功夫是当梁上君子时飞檐走壁，跳鼓无声。用跳蚤比喻时迁的轻功，可谓妙绝。如今，乡下**依然借用跳蚤批评年轻人好高骛远不着边际，说是某某后生仔像跳蚤——“拔拔跳”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（四）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">现代红色历史中，虱子被称为“革命虱”。井冈山时期，战斗生活严酷艰难，红军战士夜不脱衣枕戈待旦，身上没有不生虱子的。朱德军长常和士兵一起脱衣捉虱子。他风趣地说：“不生虱子的人不革命！”</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">毛主席也不例外。斯诺在他那本轰动世界的《西行漫记》（又名《红星照耀中国》）中，记载了一段有趣的细节。他第一次见到毛主席，在窑洞前的日头光下对话。阳光温暖，主席便解开了衣服，一边和斯诺聊天，一边把手伸进衣服里去捉虱子，根本不因为洋记者在面前而拘谨。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">陕北高原干旱缺水，毛主席也没有经常洗澡的条件，身上有虱子不足为奇。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">当年朱德总司令就曾问过与白求恩、斯诺齐名的“三大红色洋人”之一的李敦白，“你身上长虱子吗？要是没有，你就算不上真正的革命同志”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（五）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">但有臭味的臭虫（木虱），当然不能咬吃，于是它文学中便成为被嬉笑怒骂的一大角色。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">林语堂先生曾于1933年写过一篇题为《请问中国有臭虫否？》的小品文。他假定“在一个中国女主人家里所举行的著名中外人士之集会中，有一只臭虫在洁白的沙发套上缓慢而明显地爬出来见客。”在这只臭虫面前，政客、博士、迂儒、洋奴、“党棍”、伪君子、“洋鬼子”，各色人等，粉墨登场，争相表态，丑态百出。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">——“中国是有臭虫的，不错；而这便是我们的精神的最好证明。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">——“维也纳、布拉格、纽约、伦敦，都有臭虫。事实上，有些城市便因此而闻名了。这是一点也没有什么可耻的。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">——“美国臭虫要比中国臭虫要好看得多。所以让我们捉一只，把它输入中国放在中国人床上去”……</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">林语堂此文，颇有鲁迅先生“匕首”“投枪”之社会功能，一针见血地讽刺了崇洋媚外的“高等华人”和外强中干的“党部要员”，淋漓尽致，力透纸背。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">苏联诗人马雅可夫斯基的九场梦幻喜剧《臭虫》，1929年初在莫斯科上演。剧本批判贪图享受、不学有术的小市民和官僚主义，将之比成人人讨厌的臭虫，而且这种臭虫能传染“精神上的瘟疫”，嬉笑怒骂，大受欢迎。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">2000年，亚洲剧坛颇具影响力的著名实验戏剧导演孟京辉执导了马氏的《臭虫》，数年后在北京、上海、深圳等地剧场演出多场，引起各界的强烈反响。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（六）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">与虱子、跳蚤、臭虫之类小小寄生虫的斗争，贯穿整个人类文明史。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">如今，全民爱国卫生运动在华夏大地广泛开展，民众的文明程度不断提高。借用毛主席的诗句“借问瘟君欲何往，纸船明烛照天烧”，农村跟城市一样，虱子、跳蚤、臭虫等害虫基本销声匿迹。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">不过，“战斗正未有穷期”。农历四月初八，家家户户炒豆吃的习俗在福清一些乡村依旧流传，就是提醒诸位不可懈怠，小心寄生虫、害人虫卷土重来。当你哔哩吧啦咬得满嘴喷香时，能记得先人“消灭一切害人虫”的美好愿景，不是更好一些吗？</span></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">作者：金之泽</span></p></section><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_lry" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 做夏了 浴佛节
页:
[1]