【玉融文化】融邑说龙（三）祀龙祷雨话“龙潭”
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010503" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010503"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p>玉融文化</p><p> </p><p>福清地处海陬，自古缺水，十年九旱。正如晚明内阁首辅、福清邑人叶向高在《重修天宝陂记》中所言，“吾邑滨海，土田瘠薄，又鲜泉源灌溉之利。雨旸一不时，苗立槁矣”。</p><p> </p><p>面对连年苦旱，在科学不昌明的古代，福清先民只能祈求老天恩赐，祀龙祷雨便成为常态。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240424231310front2_0_159363_FljlTfuaJeCrnY2-dfBivVksfVwL.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="945" height="500" data-qf-origin="forum/20240424231310front2_0_159363_FljlTfuaJeCrnY2-dfBivVksfVwL.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>（一）</p><p> </p><p>祀龙祷雨，要选择所谓有龙出没之处。因此在福清，传说许多深山渊潭都曾有龙出没，成为祀龙祷雨胜地，这些地方便被统称为“龙潭”。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240424231326front2_0_159363_FuKGiR0RFKcvj1Ur64vWryb-JEC8.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="1439" data-qf-origin="forum/20240424231326front2_0_159363_FuKGiR0RFKcvj1Ur64vWryb-JEC8.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>据清朝乾隆丁卯版《福清县志》记载，古代福清祀龙祷雨的“龙潭”有十余处，摘录如下：</p><p> </p><p>黄檗潭，在清远里，去县三十五里。石壁峭立，飞泉如瀑布循崖悬空而下，潴为两潭。遇旱祷雨辄应。宋安抚程迈立为龙堂，安抚史浩复增饬之，朝奉郎徐师仁为之记，后刘振孙改名“九渊第一”。叶向高曾游历此处胜景，并留下“人日看山雨乍收，溪水山色向人浮”的诗句。</p><p> </p><p>敛石潭，在方兴里敛石寺后。有三潭，北潭危石夹径若梯，不可登，祷雨屡应。有署名“邑人、少师大学士叶向高”之诗作勒于石上。据考证，该处摩崖石刻为叶向高手迹，题为“同举孝廉相游敛石观龙潭”，共四首七绝。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240424231343front2_0_159363_FjjkzXmPx7JY558__sRPVpI9kONL.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="675" data-qf-origin="forum/20240424231343front2_0_159363_FjjkzXmPx7JY558__sRPVpI9kONL.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>东沶潭，在遵义里，去县治北二十里。昔龙见于大乘中乡。邑人即其地祷雨灵应，因立龙堂祀之。东漈寺，又称东涧寺，建于唐贞元年间（785-804），位于今福清阳下街道上亭村，依山而建。因附近有一深潭龙王坑，传说龙潭“深不可测，扔下一条扁担，就能从海口桥流入大海”，因此又称龙王宫。1987年，东漈寺被列为福清县第二批文物保护单位。</p><p> </p><p>龙卧潭，在方成里，去县治东二十里。乾道九年，县令刘敦祷雨有应，立为龙堂。淳熙初，范宰处义祀之。</p><p> </p><p>五马潭，在新丰里。潭无定处，虔诚祈祷，得泉即应。又五马山巅旱时有云罩即雨。</p><p> </p><p>柏山潭，在福唐里龙堂山之下，去县治南三十里。旧传有五龙飞蟠其间，祷雨立应。邑令邱与龄诗云：“闻说飞来有五龙，此龙曾与海神通。可能为借回天力，乞取东南习习风。”</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240424231359front2_0_159363_Fp9KpkGz-QD4FpnT9S7cPNFRYFtI.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="667" height="500" data-qf-origin="forum/20240424231359front2_0_159363_Fp9KpkGz-QD4FpnT9S7cPNFRYFtI.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>龙门潭，在永福里，去县治西北十里。祷雨辄应。乾道六年，县令吴竑立龙堂祀之。</p><p> </p><p>瑞云潭，在新安里，去县东二十里，古传有龙蟠于此。</p><p> </p><p>大蓝潭，在浔洋里，去县治南二十里。岁旱祷之屡应。乾道元年，乡人筑石室祀之。</p><p> </p><p>横山潭，在苏田里，去县治西南三十里。潭之旁有仙人迹二，各长一尺二寸。石上涌起“双”字，其大盈尺，字画高二分，观者肃然。乡民祷雨，辄有灵应。其潭有双条影，故名双影龙潭。</p><p> </p><p>扶门潭，在安香里，去县治西南三十里。遇旱，祷雨辄应。</p><p> </p><p>灵岩潭，在福唐里灵岩山后。太史施兆昂勒为灵湫，祷雨即应。</p><p> </p><p>九渊潭，在清远里黄檗五云峰內。系仙人陈九郎故处。潭幻难测，祷者或于田畔草间得之，靡不立应。</p><p> </p><p>（二）</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240424231415front2_0_159363_FlLsjjm3EjL3mUFPMN0K1Ty5I3Fi.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="333" height="500" data-qf-origin="forum/20240424231415front2_0_159363_FlLsjjm3EjL3mUFPMN0K1Ty5I3Fi.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>龙潭山水风景区，位于福清东张灵石国家级森林公园内，由龙潭坑、戏龙潭两个部分组成。戏龙潭以瀑布和险峻山势为特点，龙潭坑则以怪石和清幽的潭水见长。一路古木苍翠、绿意盎然，山水相映、古茶听泉，更成为吸引众多年青游者的诗和远方。</p><p> </p><p>龙潭瀑布景区，位于福清城头首溪村境内。沿着村内新建木栈道，可至瀑布边上。春水过后，水流潺潺，是家庭、亲子游玩一个好去处。沿途有依溪而建的主题公园，有缓步登高的“长城道”，还有被列为不可移动文物点的首溪古桥。该桥桥面为全石建造，当地传说旧时一父母为了方便外嫁的女儿回家而建。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240424231431front2_0_159363_FnjVsGyydwLiL-Qkiv2SQrxzoBEY.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="640" height="414" data-qf-origin="forum/20240424231431front2_0_159363_FnjVsGyydwLiL-Qkiv2SQrxzoBEY.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>在福清沙埔西叶村，有一处龙潭寺，又称潭下寺。该寺始建年代不详，占地面积达7277平方米，是抗日战争、解放战争时期的革命据点，见证了福清龙高半岛革命斗争的辉煌历史。</p><p> </p><p>（三）</p><p> </p><p>其实，福清这些称为“龙潭”的渊潭，所谓有龙出没，只是传说而已。所谓“祷雨辄应”“祷雨立应”，其实也并非如此灵验，也只是每逢旱年无奈时的一种精神寄托。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240424231455front2_0_159363_Fut5tUFVn1mUCKtPeOf_WrGAHSd3.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="1624" data-qf-origin="forum/20240424231455front2_0_159363_Fut5tUFVn1mUCKtPeOf_WrGAHSd3.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOemj-a4heWkqeS4iw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>只有在中国共产党领导下的今天，福清人用自己的勤劳和智慧修筑起东张水库等数以百计的大小水库山塘，又群策群力完成跨世纪工程闽江调水工程，真正锁住龙江这条苍龙，又把闽江这条巨龙牵入福清，给福清可持续发展送来永不干涸的甘霖。</p><p> </p><p>作者：严家梅，福清市首批社科专家</p> <!----></div> 不知道有没有机会认识严家梅严老求教一下祈雨文化还有这几个潭的具体位置
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