【福清头条】“清兵屠海口城”与清明节祭扫“义祖墓”的来历（精选）
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010503" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010503"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240405133522front2_0_153532_FiuOLdEoTFs-_VIqoNCtlLR7I8uJ.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="900" height="674" data-qf-origin="forum/20240405133522front2_0_153532_FiuOLdEoTFs-_VIqoNCtlLR7I8uJ.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p> 当今海口镇政府门前约百米远的右侧，原有个小山包，其顶建有石大王庙。相传庙址基座下有个陵仙罅，说是“通天洞”，后因一个砍柴儿童投竹扁担玩耍而跌入井中，后来他父亲在龙江口捡到这把扁担，从此“陵仙罅”变成“通海井”。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240405133530front2_0_153532_Fsan5IGyKkEEJPRMV_DbZllHUkOs.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="667" data-qf-origin="forum/20240405133530front2_0_153532_Fsan5IGyKkEEJPRMV_DbZllHUkOs.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>因此，死者父母把井掩盖，并在上面盖了一座全石结构的小石庙，类似“从通海井那里升天成佛”的樵童。这小山包因有这座小石庙，故旧志称为“石室山”。</p><p> </p><p>石室山的左侧，旧时有一座宏大的古墓，《海口志》记为“义塚”，民间却叫做“义祖墓”。海口“九境十三村”的百姓，每年清明节祭扫祖墓之前，都要先祭“义祖墓”。这风俗，从公元1647年清兵屠杀海口两城后直至1949年，沿续了三百零二年。1949年之后，受极左思潮的影响，一切的民俗活动，都视为“封建”、“迷信”加以排斥，祭扫义祖墓的活动也渐渐被淡忘。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240405133609front2_0_153532_FtXuouN_mMSh9EQAuW4rKTUBYp2a.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="595" height="346" data-qf-origin="forum/20240405133609front2_0_153532_FtXuouN_mMSh9EQAuW4rKTUBYp2a.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>六十年后的今天，海口乡亲们商议再兴祭扫“义塚”的民俗活动，实在是一项很有意义的事。它可以提醒人们不可忘了历史的惨痛，不可为了争权夺利而不顾平民百姓的死活，不可忘记对人民做出有益之举的祖先，不可忘记和平幸福生活来之不易，不可忘记为建设美好家乡献策出力添砖加瓦。恢复祭扫“义祖墓”活动，还可为发展海口旅游业增加一个亮点，提供游客敬仰海口人民反暴斗争的无畏精神。为此，我们就应该知道这“义祖墓”的来历。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240405133725front2_0_153532_Fvwy_od5ijIFfUQdGRfaHn4-S-B4.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="481" height="315" data-qf-origin="forum/20240405133725front2_0_153532_Fvwy_od5ijIFfUQdGRfaHn4-S-B4.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p style="font-weight: 400;" data-style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;">清顺治四年（1647年），满清进关在北京建立王朝以后，一路南下，经三年的砍杀，他们举着沾满血腥的大刀长矛，杀向明王朝设在东南的军事据点——海口、镇东两城。两城人民在此前一百年的嘉靖年间的抗倭斗争中，前赴后继杀得倭寇十年间不敢再来海口杀掠，也练成了海口人民顽强抗暴的英勇气概。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;" data-style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 清兵南下沿途制造的“扬州十日”的屠城惨案传到海口后，非但没有吓倒海口人民，反而激起对清廷屠杀手无寸铁百姓的仇恨。军民们打起反清复明的旗帜，不几天就组成了一支万余人的抗清队伍。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;" data-style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 顺治四年正月，海口松潭人周芝率军与林垐、林汝翥等反攻福清县城，兵败后周芝率领残部退守镇东城，与海口民军配合。清兵攻海口时遭到强烈抵抗，自这年正月至四月，双方形成拉锯战，清兵两次攻进海口、镇东两城，两次被海口义军反攻赶出去。最后因郑芝龙降清，福建全省被清兵占领，海口成了两座孤城，在外无援兵内无粮草的危难中，海口两城被清兵攻破。清兵破城之时，周芝率领余部五百多人从圣帝庙下水道潜逃出城，奔赴平潭建立另一抗清据点。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240405133732front2_0_153532_Fj5QVbLDR6np_zgJXELRQbJtw_LM.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="550" height="303" data-qf-origin="forum/20240405133732front2_0_153532_Fj5QVbLDR6np_zgJXELRQbJtw_LM.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p> 清兵进城之后，为了泄愤，为了“杀一儆百”，对海口屠城五日。关起五城门，除早期逃难出城和在战斗中牺牲以外余下的人口，不论男女老幼，一个不留地残杀。清军官兵们乘机抢劫民间财富。海口在明代聚集了大批富商大贾和一群官吏、豪门世家，这些人家都藏有大量金银珠宝。清兵杀人杀红了眼，抢劫也抢黑了心，他们为掩盖罪行，放了一把火，把全部房屋烧了。“架屋上山成闹市井”的“小杭州”海口成了一片废墟，一片灰烬。 </p><p>清兵围城之前逃难到乡下的海口举人谢名世，在清兵转战闽南之后，他回到海口，眼见尸横遍野，流血凝封海口每一寸土地，不禁仰天长号：海口史无前例的酷劫呀！第二天，他奔走两城各村，号召逃难回来的乡亲们赶快把各自的亲人和所认识的亲友尸体掩埋，以免他们长期暴尸原野，成了孤魂野鬼。</p><p> 尽管如此，还有六千多具尸体无人认领收埋，怎么办呢？他再次召集各村遗民父老商议，决定造一座公坟，集中收埋这六千多具尸骨。由他献出在石室山左侧，面对后坂（今后番）村的一片几十亩园地（旱地），做为墓地使用，各村抽集年轻力壮的男丁，把各村的尸体送到公坟来统一收埋。这时，和他共事的秀才唐蘷提出倡议：把在抗倭中牺牲的民军林廷兴、谢介夫、陈学书等的骸骨也移葬在一起，以便日后一起“公祭”，得到谢名世和各村乡老的同意。事后，谢名世还做了三件事：</p><p>一、刻一个大型墓碑，碑型和内容如下。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240405133849front2_0_153532_FqUjK6NJ3s-ZQhputo3DjKagAtZh.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="185" height="273" data-qf-origin="forum/20240405133849front2_0_153532_FqUjK6NJ3s-ZQhputo3DjKagAtZh.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>墓碑内容不奉“清朔”（不记清朝的纪年帝号）以示与清王朝决绝。 </p><p>二、定出制度，每年春秋两季举行公祭活动，春在清明日，秋在重九（九月初九）日举行。谢名世在世时，由他主祭。他死后，由各村推举年长有望者轮流主祭。 </p><p>三、他又捐银百两为唱缘，募集资金购买几十亩田地，其收入，做为每年公祭费用。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240405133928front2_0_153532_FiVCZxVdNZYqh582xugSj1_ErCPO.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="712" data-qf-origin="forum/20240405133928front2_0_153532_FiVCZxVdNZYqh582xugSj1_ErCPO.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p style="font-weight: 400;" data-style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;">之后，又出现三件感人至深的事：</p><p style="font-weight: 400;" data-style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 一、隐元禅师在黄檗山闻知海口惨变之后，痛心疾首。他天天在黄檗寺中诵经为冤魂超度。几天后他又听说海口为遭屠杀的死者建造公坟，举行公祭，便决心到海口举行法会。这年六月，他不顾这时海口还有部分清兵镇守的情况下，带领僧徒到海口东岳寺设坛，举行水陆普度亡灵法会，历时两个月。他在公坟前作一首诗，内有“两城人物今何在，一阵悲风起髑髅”的怒号。</p><p data-style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;">二、谢名世逝世后，所托之人不负责任，出于私心，公田收入除交税外，均被私吞，以致公祭难于举行。但海口遗民群起谴责之余，发起“私祭”公坟，称之为“祭义祖墓”。每年清明节这天，九境十三村的村民们，在祭扫自己祖先坟墓时，都自觉地先到义祖墓上祭扫，寄托对死难同胞的悼念，也以此向清朝官府作出“无言”的示威、抗议。这一行动，后来慢慢成了民俗，一直沿续下来。 </p><p data-style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;">三、事件过了二十七年，到清康熙十三年（1674年），海口有个穷书生林以寀，目睹海口“阛阓鞠为茂草，樵夫牧童往来其间，山禽野兽坐穴于”的荒凉惨状，愤于清兵的残暴，寄希望于来者，于是在文物被毁，资料被焚的艰难情况下，撰修了一部《海口特志》，为后人留下许多珍贵材料。他为教育后代人不忘丁亥的惨痛，在《特志》中特立“义塚”一章，记述了“义塚”的建造过程和谢名世功德。还有一个无名氏写了一部《镇东烬余录》，惜此书至今不知下落，若能寻得，海口两城被屠的惨状，会有更具体的记载呈现在世人面前。</p><p data-style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> </p><p data-style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;">摘自《福清侨乡报》</p><p> </p><p>伍定瑞 整理 玉融逸闻 </p><p>2024-04-05 11:40 福建</p><p> </p><p class="empty_paragraph" style="font-weight: 400;" data-style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;">来源:玉融逸闻 编辑：伍定瑞</p><p style="font-weight: 400;" data-style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 3px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如有侵权留言删除</p> <!----></div> 海口人民很不容易 阛阓鞠为茂草，樵夫牧童往来其间，山禽野兽坐穴于。
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