福清历代书院初探
<p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（一）</span></p><p><br/></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 32px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 676.992px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgb(241, 249, 248); height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">书院，是中国古代最具代表性的学府，有着悠久的历史和丰厚的底蕴。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">中国书院文化萌芽于东周时期，“夏小大”是最初的模式。春秋时期，孔子首倡私学，到诸子百家率徒讲学，奠定了私人讲学的良好基础。到了汉代，私人讲学蓬勃兴起，创立了精舍、精庐等私学高级形式，这些可以看作是书院的“前身”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 318.763px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(87, 140, 131); height: 1px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: -142.161px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; line-height: 0; transform: rotateY(180deg);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0;"></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">书院源于这些民间的私人讲学聚书活动，是私学的高级表现形式。正式的书院制度，滥觞于唐朝，确立和发展于宋代。唐玄宗李隆基时期，东都洛阳的丽正书院、集贤书院，是最早出现的官办书院。皇家以书院命名为“修书之地”“藏书之所”，促进了书院之名在民间或私人中的广泛流行。此时，书院的两大功能开始呈现，一是为科举考试做准备，二是一部分文人学士用作读书休闲之用。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">唐代私人创建的书院，在文献记载中已屡见不鲜，仅在《全唐诗》中就可见以“书院”为题的诗歌11首，比如李秘书院、杜中丞书院等。散见于各地方史志，注明建于唐代的书院有16处，涉及福建、浙江、江西3省，其中福建的唐代书院有漳浦的梁山书院（潘存实读书处）、福清的闻读书院（陈灿建于唐）、建阳的鳌峰书院（熊秘建于唐）、福鼎的草堂书院（林嵩建于唐）和漳州的松洲书院（陈珦读书处）。闻读书院也是唐代福州地区最早的书院。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">书院文化盛行于两宋，比如应天书院，“聚学为海，则九河我吞，百谷我尊；淬词为锋，则浮云我决，良玉我切”，范仲淹主持书院时所作的《南京书院题名记》，足见当年应天书院的博雅学风和恢宏气势。正式的教育制度由南宋理学家朱熹创立，由是以朱熹为代表的闽学迅猛崛起，福建教育事业的发展也以“闽学”特色而独树一帜。正是那个时期，福州、福清迎来了文化教育发展的第一个高峰期。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">作为中国古时的教育组织和学术研究机构，书院所承载的精神气质和文化使命，可与现在的高等学府对标。书院的设立和盛行，为培养经世安邦人才、传播中华优秀文化，发挥了不可替代的重要作用。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（二）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">书院文化在中国历史长河中犹如璀璨星辰，引领着无数求知者前行。福清书院与书院文化也是源远流长，独具特色。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">隋唐以前，福建被视为未开化的蛮荒之地，教育事业落后于全国。但在书院的发展上，却与全国各地处于同一起跑线上。</span></p><section style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">福清闻读书院创立于唐代，位于福唐县东南福唐里小隐岩，距县城约30里，系陈灿读书处。陈灿，字德宣，曾历官水部郎中，因厌倦仕宦生涯而归隐，读书山中。据传，南宋时期朱熹来到福清，经过此地，曾提笔大书“闻读”二字，而后该地更名为“闻读山”。此书院的具体创建年代，因史籍缺载而难以详考。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（三）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">据不完全统计，自两宋至清代，福清有资料查考的书院和没有史料记载的书院，共有39所。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">宋代，福清有5所书院。三峰书院，北宋政和年间（1111-1118）创办，位于高山镇楼厦村，明朝中后期被倭寇焚毁。龙江书院，始建于北宋初年，具体时间缺考，位于海口镇龙山北麓。宣和六年（1124），镇官陈麟措资30万缗重修，此后百年间蔚成浓厚的读书风气，“四方生徒云集，月夜书声琅琅”。书院内有书堂、大成殿、明伦堂、三贤祠（纪念林光朝、林亦之、陈藻等3位理学家在此讲学）等建筑。明初废书院，专供庙祀。明嘉靖年间被倭寇焚毁，后又重建。清顺治三年（1646），清兵攻城时被烧毁，只留下院址。龙江书院是当时朝廷特准在县以下乡村创办的唯一的政府备案书院，曾由此命名为“钦敕书院”。宋明两代，海口有进士、明经105人，举人、拔贡53人，荐辟25人，计183人。龙江书院被世人誉为“人文根本”“东南第一书院”，此言不虚。石塘书院，南宋景定四年（1263），位于县东文兴里（今龙山街道玉塘村），林公遇所创及讲学之地。暂无实物和文字可具体考证。紫阳朱先生书院，位于新厝镇江兜村草堂山，相传南宋黄伯谷先生在此筑堂隐居，边研修学问，边收徒授业。据传朱熹路过此地时，曾上山探访黄伯谷并住了一段时间，日夜与黄伯谷切磋学问，该书院俗称朱熹草堂。龙岗书院，位于县城西门水陆街，后为文昌阁，因城市改造变迁，今无存。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">明代，福清有9所书院。鳌江书院，明永乐年间建，位于渔溪迳江村。漈阳书院，始建于明正德年间，在阳下漈头村，是抗战时期福平沿海抗日游击队第八中队驻地旧址。闻读书院，在龙田闻读村。另外还有涤阳书院、尚阳书院、福唐书院、龙泊书院、岚阳书院和起龙书院。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">清代，福清有18所书院。主要有瑞峰书院，在东张洋尾村。明德书院，在县城北隅。双旌书院，康熙五十七年（1718）改建，在县城西隅。兴庠书院，雍正元年（1723）改设，在县城水陆街。正音书院，雍正七年（1729）建，在明伦堂附近。豸山书院，乾隆年间建，在东张。梯云书院，乾隆四十七年（1782）建，在高山。德馨书院，同治八年（1869）建，在东张黄崙。凤岗书院，同治十一年（1872）建，在高山西埔堂。龙源书院，光绪二年（1876）建，在渔溪北溪。探骊书院，在音西街道珠山村后山脚，重建于光绪年间。梅魁书院，光绪年间建，在东张香山。另外还有清河书院、灵岩书院、韶溪书院、龙峰书院、培元书院、梅魁书院、云梯书院。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">朝代不明的书院有7所：龙文书院，在东张南窗山。辽天书院，在东张石竹山狮子岩。鳌峰书院，在东张涧下村。崇品书院，在县城十五落。见龙书院，在龙田。虞阳书院，在渔溪。另有青云书院，位置待考。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（四）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">光绪二十七年（1901），清廷诏令各省将书院改为大学堂，各府、厅、直隶州将书院改为中学堂，各州县将书院改为小学堂。至此，书院退出了历史舞台。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">书院文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，不仅是学术研究的摇篮，更是中华民族精神的寄托。在这些古老的殿堂里，诸子百家各抒己见，唯理论是求真。书院强调“礼仪之教”，培养学生仁爱、信义、礼敬、智慧等品格，使其成为有品德、有才干的社会精英。同时，书院也注重敢于挑战权威、发掘新知，构建了中华文明独特的创新基因。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">在新时代，探索实践传统书院的守正创新之道，让书院在现代文化和旅游方面发挥重要作用，并通过传播与弘扬书院文化，形成尊重知识、尊重人才的社会风尚，是传承弘扬中华优秀传统文化、增强民族文化自信自强、助力实现中华民族伟大复兴的题中之义。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">作者：毛立平。参考文献：《福州晚报》，方彦寿《闽学与福州书院考述》、 徐心希《闽都书院》、谢雄《海口将在牛宅村规划重建龙江书院》、林秋明《福清书院是玉融文化中最绚烂的一页》等。</span></p></section><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_LQQ" id="wcn_editor_css"/> {:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:} 不错{:5_240:}{:5_240:}{:5_240:}{:5_240:} 书院强调“礼仪之教”，培养学生仁爱、信义、礼敬、智慧等品格。
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