点塔灯——独特的福清文化节
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010499" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010499"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p>福清方言词汇不少倒装句，比如：“台风”叫“风台”，“热闹”称“闹热”，“冰糖”曰“糖霜”……“点塔灯”也是，正说“塔点灯”，即利桥塔上挂满点亮的纸扎的灯。“点塔灯”是民间的说词。官方的说词很现代、很文化、很堂皇：“甲子中秋灯会”。一甲子60年，60年才一次，自然稀罕，故有了一句歇后语：“甲子中秋点塔灯—— 一生难得两回看。”</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173012front1_0_155891_FsdWNNIeHQxbr6A3jwioja4uGfTw.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="670" height="598" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173012front1_0_155891_FsdWNNIeHQxbr6A3jwioja4uGfTw.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p style="font-weight: 400;">甲子中秋灯会始于何时，起因是什么，无文献可考。却留下一个谜，至今无人能解。众所周知，古代没有电灯，蜡烛早在汉代就发明出来了，有成语称“辖子点灯白费蜡”，说明蜡烛的诞生，其使命便是点灯。问题是，要把利桥塔打扮成“灯塔”，几百盏灯，在火柴、打火机还没问世之前，如何把灯里的蜡烛点亮？</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">有文字记载的甲子中秋灯会有两次： </p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">一次是1924年（甲子）中秋节。这回不必为如何点亮塔上的灯而操心。据《福清华侨史》载：1918年，归侨何茂良集资在融城创办了福清电灯公司，虽然经营艰难，却坚持了20年才撒手。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">这次甲子中秋灯会主办方是福清县商会。在主办方还是筹备状态的时候，福清留省学生会就行动起来了，发动募款修塔，把塔外阶，塔身，塔栏及葫芦顶都修葺一新，并在周围竖起八根方石柱，用粗铁链围了起来，作为护栏。也许，维护文物也是举办甲子中秋灯会的一个重要内容。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">端阳节一过，主办方的执事们便开始忙碌起来了，筹集经费，分派执事，发动各境（村）准备节目，组织殷实铺户分头负责幔天、结彩，并请人拟写联名，雇请纸扎匠度量每层塔门、塔栏的宽度和高度，备办材料，着手糊制塔上和彩坊上的联灯、牌灯和各式挂灯。具体设计、糊制塔灯工作系由小桥街裱褙店林俊灿、林彩彩父子等人承包，其中有些灯还是派专人到福州、泉州等地去定制的。与此同时，各大商店也动手刷新门面，雇人糊制联灯、彩灯。有的还派人秘密到外地去采办巧样花灯，用以压倒同行。各境（村）也在紧张进行糊制龙灯，准备“行舟”、“台阁”和挑选“子弟”加紧排练……</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173041front1_0_155891_FkiJvd503qvsX3JLOq1D0nOXFlxb.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="334" height="230" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173041front1_0_155891_FkiJvd503qvsX3JLOq1D0nOXFlxb.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173041front1_0_155891_FpF64COL4YyVyHSlExgqRE4F09xe.jpg" alt="" width="294" height="191" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173041front1_0_155891_FpF64COL4YyVyHSlExgqRE4F09xe.jpg" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173041front1_0_155891_FpF64COL4YyVyHSlExgqRE4F09xe.jpg" alt="" width="294" height="191" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173041front1_0_155891_FpF64COL4YyVyHSlExgqRE4F09xe.jpg" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173041front1_0_155891_Fnml8XNJj3J5e_efCiTITiW9O886.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="336" height="220" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173041front1_0_155891_Fnml8XNJj3J5e_efCiTITiW9O886.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p style="font-weight: 400;">可见，甲子中秋灯会不只是点塔灯，全县城主要建筑物和商铺都点上灯，并争奇斗艳。同时，民间各种文艺表演，诸如舞龙、舞狮、台阁、行舟等等，也都搬到街上来，时下称“文艺踩街”。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;">这次甲子中秋灯会还有一个大节目：官塘墘盘诗。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">所谓“盘诗”，如同电影《刘三姐》里的对歌。但“盘诗”的“盘”有点“盘货”的意思，盘一盘各自肚子里有多少诗。盘诗是福清民众过中秋节不可或缺的节目，中秋夜，几乎各村埕头路旁都有民众盘诗。甲子中秋，县城的盘诗场所在官塘乾。所以，八月十五中秋节盘诗往往这样开头：</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">八月十五月圆圆（福清方言音：炎），盘诗要来官塘乾。好诗多盘三两首，歹（坏）诗盘出乞（被）人嫌（嫌弃）。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">所谓“好诗”，就要传播以“忠孝”为核心价值观的中华优秀传统文化。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">比如：</p><p style="font-weight: 400;">问：什么人乌（黑）脸不是形（难看）？什么人乌脸假新人（假扮新娘）？什么人乌脸捉庞德？什么人乌脸斩奸臣？</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">答：张飞乌脸不是形，郑恩乌脸假新人，周仓乌脸捉庞德，包拯乌脸斩奸臣。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">问：什么人七岁去当兵？什么人七岁去修身？什么人七岁去送饭？什么人七岁救母亲？</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">答：关羽七岁去当兵，观音七岁去修身，安安七岁去送饭，沉香七岁救母亲。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">……</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">如此这般，直盘到一方无诗可盘，即分胜负。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">是夜，利桥塔被点亮，同时点亮了融城万家灯火。介绍这次甲子中秋灯会的资料写道：“街上人多得几乎容纳不下。到处是人山人海，万头攒动。每个人都被紧紧地夹在人堆中，行动不能自如。如果你要赶去看塔灯，或看过塔灯想折回头看街头表演和盘诗，那只能顺着人流慢慢挪动，或艰难地在水洩不通的人堆中移步……”</p><p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p><p style="font-weight: 400;">60年后，1984年，又一个甲子中秋不期而至。时值中华人民共和国成立35周年，改革开放五周年。《春天的故事》吹绿了玉融大地希望的田野，吹暖了海外乡亲更加高涨的爱国爱乡热情。印尼三宝陇福清乡亲集资近300万港元，发起举办甲子中秋灯会的倡议，得到家乡政府和广大人民群众的呼应，县政府成立了1984年甲子中秋灯会筹备委员会，投入大批人力、物力、财力，成功地举办了一次盛况空前的甲子中秋灯会。878位海外乡亲与20多万家乡乡亲欢聚在融城，共度了一个难忘今宵的甲子中秋节，轰轰烈烈进行了一次中华优秀传统文化宏大的传承，满足了海内外乡亲对美好生活的向往。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173110front1_0_155891_FuVaN8RCt0Oto3fJ6XhWYaRm6Ykn.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="314" height="219" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173110front1_0_155891_FuVaN8RCt0Oto3fJ6XhWYaRm6Ykn.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173110front1_0_155891_FsNIBmvOSFcQlFxh_XeDH8O3i_AZ.jpg" alt="" width="290" height="186" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173110front1_0_155891_FsNIBmvOSFcQlFxh_XeDH8O3i_AZ.jpg" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173110front1_0_155891_Fpb7dv1dhTR_pa-kDnZDVFniLc1k.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="356" height="218" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173110front1_0_155891_Fpb7dv1dhTR_pa-kDnZDVFniLc1k.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173110front1_0_155891_FvgWvFUaAPK09p8MyUv8GwN72Qbd.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="288" height="206" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173110front1_0_155891_FvgWvFUaAPK09p8MyUv8GwN72Qbd.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>这次甲子中秋灯会，也没忘记维护文物，前三四个月，福清县政府就专项拨款维修了利桥塔，并增建了青石托座和环塔栏杆，使塔座基础更为坚实，造型更为壮观。这次甲子中秋灯会，不仅是利桥塔的高光时刻，也是落成不久位于一拂街东头的华侨影剧院的高光时刻。县政府在这里举办盛大欢迎宴会，欢迎回乡参加甲子中秋灯会的海外乡亲；县闽剧团在这里演出大型闽剧《凤求凰》，乡音绽放了海外乡亲心中那朵最鲜艳的花——乡愁。同时点亮了著名侨领林绍良、林文镜、蔡云辉、陈子兴的名字，是他们共同捐资1300万港币，建了福清医院内科、外科、中医三大楼和华侨影剧院。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173121front1_0_155891_Fi8E4lalJr3S9p5btODblPBShFn9.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="681" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173121front1_0_155891_Fi8E4lalJr3S9p5btODblPBShFn9.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>灯会后，印尼三宝陇福清乡亲采纳了福清县政府的建议，把赞助灯会的捐款转为办学经费，在今龙山街道利侨塔北面龙山顶上创办龙华职业中专，今为福建省高级中专学校。为了铭记这个美好的时时刻刻，福清县侨乡建设委员会印制了画册《侨胞之光》，由邑人中共福建省委常委、省人大主任程序题写了书名。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173138front1_0_155891_FnGVssUl5AxeoXe_iqTb82RzobqR.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="351" height="470" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173138front1_0_155891_FnGVssUl5AxeoXe_iqTb82RzobqR.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230806173138front1_0_155891_Ft8Vo-bMDVBkisTU8V8oCXcWq6k7.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="352" height="472" data-qf-origin="forum/20230806173138front1_0_155891_Ft8Vo-bMDVBkisTU8V8oCXcWq6k7.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>如果，看过1984年点塔灯的人，年龄45岁以上，而且从来没离开过福清，他（她）可能先后看过3次点塔灯。原来，历史上还有两次点塔灯不是在甲子年。一次是1945年（乙酉），为庆祝抗战胜利点塔灯；一次是1959年（己亥），为庆祝中华人民共和国成立10周年点塔灯。无疑，无论什么年什么原因点塔灯，都有数万乃至十几二十几万民众参与其盛。点塔灯是独特的福清文化节，名副其实。</p><p> </p><p>撰文：郑敬平</p><p>图源：《侨胞之光》画册</p> <!----></div> 第一次听说啊{:5_251:}{:5_251:}{:5_251:}{:5_251:} 传统文化应该好好保护{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:} {:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:} 都没有见过利桥塔点过灯 好好好{:5_248:}{:5_248:} 发扬民族文化，传承优秀基因。 看起来很不错啊！ 中华优秀传统文化宏大的传承。 甲子中秋点塔灯—— 一生难得两回看。”
页:
[1]
2