五月，福清寻古丨福建古代四大名桥，巨石垒砌的桥梁史奇观---龙江桥
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010499" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010499"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p>五月，福清寻古：望一眼天宝陂，心清目明；走一遍龙江桥，豪情满怀；仰一尊弥勒佛，一瓣心香；想一想瑞云塔，乡愁入梦；登一回东关寨，思绪万千；逛一趟黄檗寺，虚一而静；上一次石竹山，美梦成真。</p><p> </p><section>五月，跟着小编一起亲山近水、访古寻迹，去领略大美福清的古韵今风。</section><section></section><section><section><section><section><section data-width="50%"></section></section><section><section><section data-brushtype="text"><strong>第二站：古代石梁桥的活化石--龙江桥</strong></section><section data-brushtype="text"></section><section data-brushtype="text"><p><strong>长桥镇海口</strong></p><p><strong>双塔锁巨龙</strong></p><section></section><p>众所周知</p><p>福建的古桥数量位居全国前列</p><p>其式样繁多、工艺独特、规模宏伟</p><p>自古就有“闽中桥梁甲天下”之说法</p><p>今天就给大家介绍一座可以称得上是</p><section>福建古代石梁桥的活化石的古桥</section><section></section><p><strong>龙 江 桥</strong></p><section><section><section><section class="empty_paragraph"></section></section><section><section><section data-autoskip="1"><section>龙江桥又名“海口桥”，因位于福清市海口镇而得名。海口镇，因福清“母亲河”龙江从这里奔腾入海而得名。海口镇作为水陆交通要道可追溯至唐朝，海口海上贸易发达，曾被称为“小杭州”“小泉州”。1000多年前，这里就已是福建沿海的关防重镇。<p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230507184341front1_0_155891_Fqqxje9f6uGJIjUYJoMZnuzp0FOR.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="552" height="296" data-qf-origin="forum/20230507184341front1_0_155891_Fqqxje9f6uGJIjUYJoMZnuzp0FOR.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><section><section><section><section><section><strong>龙江桥的历史</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section></section><section>原先，海口龙江两岸人们往来，都要靠小渡船，十分不便，旧志载“龙江跨方民（海口）、仁寿（赤屿一带）为南北之要冲，往来不绝”，可见当时过往行人之多。但每每遇到海潮暴涨或台风暴雨，山洪暴发之时，就好几天不能过江。如果有人因急事冒险强渡，常会出事，人们便盼望能修座桥便利通行。<p class="qf_image big noneditable" style="position: relative;" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230507184405front1_0_155891_Fmi3XDASwsGE6XSDYkm_tF5Db4QW.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="675" height="427" data-qf-origin="forum/20230507184405front1_0_155891_Fmi3XDASwsGE6XSDYkm_tF5Db4QW.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /><span class="qf_image_mark" style="display: inline-block;" contenteditable="false">（旧时龙江桥）</span></p><p>宋政和三年（1113年），太平寺内僧人惠鄙、守恩有感于龙江水肆虐，两岸百姓虽为同一村镇，却因交通不便，不相往来。虽有过渡船只，但因位于龙江入海口，风大浪急，且时常遭遇台风侵袭，渡船时不时就无法航行。因此，两位僧人倡议建造跨海桥梁，以方便两岸百姓往来。僧人四处化缘筹措资金，当地人林迁、林霸、陈侈等挺身支持。百姓为其造福乡梓的诚意所感动，响应者颇众。大家同心协力，克服许多困难，于宋宣和六年（1124年）建成此桥，最初将它命名为“螺江桥”。南宋绍兴三十年（1160），里人进士林栗加以续建，将桥头与陆地间的滩涂以引道相连，并取“江南沙合接龙首”之意将其更名为“龙江桥”。龙江桥为梁桥，采用花岗岩建造，桥长476米，宽约5米，共有40孔39墩。桥墩为舟形，两端出尖，以分水势。墩顶帽石承石梁端，梁上铺设石板，两侧立石栏杆。石栏杆则以六短一长的规律排列，部分栏杆上刻有字迹，不过已漫灭不清。桥头对称而建两座镇桥石塔，塔均为实心，高约5米，七级六角，出檐深远。</p><p> </p><section>“五马山崩出宰相，龙江桥成状元来”曾是流传于海口、关于当地名人故事的俗对。对子中的宰相指福清人叶向高，状元则是指福清一都镇（曾属永泰）的黄定。而龙江桥则距福州70公里，既是福清最长的一座古代石梁桥，也是省内目前保存最完整的宋代石梁桥，由此可见龙江桥在福清的名气之大。</section><section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section class="empty_paragraph"></section><section class="empty_paragraph"></section></section><section><strong><strong>龙江桥的修缮</strong></strong><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230507184549front1_0_155891_FkS_ueptAU4v3hG8QHy8XXbVwaQc.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="450" height="601" data-qf-origin="forum/20230507184549front1_0_155891_FkS_ueptAU4v3hG8QHy8XXbVwaQc.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230507184549front1_0_155891_FmPxo7MY5Rp1ZY3gs5PnKufsT-cI.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="446" height="587" data-qf-origin="forum/20230507184549front1_0_155891_FmPxo7MY5Rp1ZY3gs5PnKufsT-cI.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><section><section><section><section><section data-autoskip="1"><section>据史料记载，自明嘉靖二十三年（1544年）至民国初400余年里，有记录的修葺维护工程达十余次，差不多每二三十年就要大修一次，中修小修更是不计其数。每次进行大型修缮，当地乡绅耆宿均出面树碑立传，表彰功德。如今，尚有数块石碑立于桥头，成为桥梁历史保护的一个缩影。新中国成立后，人民政府对这一古老的桥梁建筑更是呵护备至，多次拨款维修，对基础进行加固，对破损的桥面桥栏进行更换保养。</section><section></section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="29720"><section><section><section></section><section></section></section></section><section><section><strong>1961年5月</strong></section><section><strong>龙江桥被列为</strong></section><section><strong>福建省第一批重点文物保护单位</strong></section><section><strong> </strong></section><section><strong>2013年5月</strong></section><section><strong>被国务院公布为</strong></section><section><strong>第七批全国重点文物保护单位</strong></section></section><section><section><section></section><section></section></section></section></section><section></section><p>无论从修建契机还是保护历史上看，龙江桥无不彰显着古代百姓的智慧和力量。龙江桥的各个孔门原来都有名称，有的是根据传说而来，如“猪屎墩”说是抬猪屎的人集资建的；有的由形象而来，如像瓜蒂的“蒂蒂石”；有的以石色定名，如“红红石”“青石”；有的是指桥下特产，如“大爪”；还有“抓仔”“高墩脚”“短墩仔”“豆腐墩”等。这些“接地气”的叫法，让今人依然能感受到这座古桥当年所承载的热闹与繁华。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section><p> </p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="30778"><section><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p> </p><section><section><section><section><section><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p>出品：福清市文化体育和旅游局</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section> <!----></div> 上一次石竹山，美梦成真。 闽中桥梁甲天下
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