【林秋明作品】原汁原味的福清传统春节习俗

晴天780 发表于 2023-1-22 09:48:07

<style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010499" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010499"> <div class="preview_article ">   <img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094427front1_0_155891_FgbrYXZN3dbsZ3kjPdrGruoc4ZvP.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1280" height="813" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094427front1_0_155891_FgbrYXZN3dbsZ3kjPdrGruoc4ZvP.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />春节是福清民间最重要的传统节日之一。春节，顾名思义就是春天的节日。福清人说春节是“做年”。“做年”表示庆贺一个生产周期的成果。旧时福清“做年”始自农历十二月十六日做“尾牙”，终于正月十五日的元宵节，历时一个月之久。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094429front1_0_155891_FvoCG0ASZC6bcWw-wUmd1J7DDp7c.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="379" height="439" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094429front1_0_155891_FvoCG0ASZC6bcWw-wUmd1J7DDp7c.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />“做年”前，人们在门楣、门框等处贴上大红对联以示祝愿。有的人还挂上大红灯笼，贴上“福”字及财神像等，以求平安、幸福。以前，每家每户都要做粿，炊“糖粿”，有的人家还炸蛎饼等。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094443front1_0_155891_FmyyKlHzqu5TWgDM-wIIT526sF3p.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="662" height="470" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094443front1_0_155891_FmyyKlHzqu5TWgDM-wIIT526sF3p.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />　人们为何要过“年”呢？其实，“年”是一种怪兽。相传古时候“年”的头长触角，凶猛异常。它长年深居海底，每到除夕就上岸伤害人畜。因此每到除夕这一天，人们纷纷逃往深山躲避年”的伤害。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094502front1_0_155891_FgupbBrjXJ45SGJ_uT6_q5ondEwC.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1062" height="709" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094502front1_0_155891_FgupbBrjXJ45SGJ_uT6_q5ondEwC.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />　人们为何要过“年”呢？其实，“年”是一种怪兽。相传古时候“年”的头长触角，凶猛异常。它长年深居海底，每到除夕就上岸伤害人畜。因此每到除夕这一天，人们纷纷逃往深山躲避年”的伤害。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094522front1_0_155891_FlVvpqcub6Zt2hiSwRCmwmEMpYCd.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="481" height="436" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094522front1_0_155891_FlVvpqcub6Zt2hiSwRCmwmEMpYCd.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />　　福清春节的民俗活动从“筅堂”（扫尘）开始。在农历十二月廿三日至三十日间择吉选一单日，捆扎新砍的竹枝为帚，全家老少齐动手，拂去房内的灰尘、蜘蛛网，清洗所有家具、器皿，去掉无用的杂物。“筅堂”日全家吃一餐番薯粉煮猪血。据说猪血有去秽除尘作用，把“筅堂”时吸入体内的尘污也清除干净。“筅堂”蕴涵去污除晦、吐故纳新之意。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094535front1_0_155891_Fi2M-lrYgMd5fj7ttvjNnqdA2T_a.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="350" height="250" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094535front1_0_155891_Fi2M-lrYgMd5fj7ttvjNnqdA2T_a.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />　福清民间还有祭灶的民俗。腊月廿四日民间定为祭灶日。这一天，家里备好灶糖、灶饼、果品、蜜饯，供祭家庭保护神——灶君，送灶君回天庭述职，叫作“送神”。第二年正月初四晚饭后，再备上香烛果品接灶君回来就任，叫“接神”。现在虽然不在厨房帖灶君图，改贴春牛图，但这一习俗还是沿袭下来，它表达了人们祈求平安顺利的良好愿望。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094548front1_0_155891_FjyiKh20dYs3ChcGPD5uQhncknT0.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="520" height="389" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094548front1_0_155891_FjyiKh20dYs3ChcGPD5uQhncknT0.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />送完灶君后，开始了“送年”活动。福清素来把女婿当作“半子”。每年腊月廿五起，女婿要备好年货送到岳父母家，这叫作“送年”。新婚的头年，女婿必须备猪蹄一双、线面5斤、五素五荤10件礼仪，用食盒装好，贴上红纸，亲自送到岳父母家。第二年以后，礼仪件数可不拘，但必须避开“四”的忌讳。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094559front1_0_155891_FoQ1cyRu7McT3vum6jaE0FoW0in_.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="811" height="653" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094559front1_0_155891_FoQ1cyRu7McT3vum6jaE0FoW0in_.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />　  十二月廿八以后，家家户户都要贴春联。福清的春联有与众不同的地方，它在红联上方加了一段白联头。这种习俗据说源于明嘉靖四十一年(1562年）除夕，时倭寇入侵福清，百姓刚贴完春联来不及吃年夜饭便逃命而去，等戚继光率军击溃倭寇才回来，有些人不幸遇难，丧家就改贴绿色素联，亲戚朋友为了表示哀悼，就在红联上方加上白联头以示哀悼。 “分年”是福清春节期间的重要民俗活动，家家户户都在除夕前一天入夜后举行发年仪式。“分年”是人们在一年取得收成后祭拜天地神及祖宗的宗教仪式，沿袭下来便成了风俗。先备八果三牲祭天地，接着加上2荤祭保护神，最后备十素十荤祭祖宗。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094623front1_0_155891_FsRCdv860RKS5OB_JK31RkkaMU-x.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="342" height="212" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094623front1_0_155891_FsRCdv860RKS5OB_JK31RkkaMU-x.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />“分年”要焚香放鞭炮，意即上达天庭，下告地府。这些仪式虽有迷信色彩，却表达了福清人尊敬祖宗的美德。现在福清仍流行“分年”习俗，多数家庭都备些果品香烛祭供祖宗，以表子孙敬祖的孝心。 　　除夕夜，福清有“守岁”的风俗。是夜，一家老少围坐着吃团圆饭。饭后长辈要向未成家的晚辈送“压岁钱”。“压岁钱”俗称“红纸包”，要用红纸包好，不在多少，意到即可。 分过“压岁钱”之后，家庭主妇要装“岁饭”，准备初一早上食用的蔬菜鱼肉。全家人在家长率领下，洒扫庭院，添满水缸。以前民间还有“煨火母”的风俗，表示灶火延续、家庭兴旺。最后家长要添油点灯，带领全家人围坐一起，促膝谈心，直到天明。这便是我们所说的“守岁”。      正月初一，亲朋好友间相互拜年，这是全国都有的风俗，但福清初一拜年又有许多不同之处。福清人自古勤劳，初一都争先恐后起早，取“初一起得早，全年都起早”之意。初一早家家户户煮线面，人人都吃线面，还配上太平蛋一双，祈求“福寿绵长，太平如意”。 民间还有第一口吃蛋而不喝汤的风俗，说是第一口喝汤出门便逢雨。吃完蛋后便出去拜年，主人须留一人在家接待来拜年的客人。拜年时客人向主人作揖，祝主人万事如意，合家平安。主人也作揖回贺，请客人进门，向客人敬烟请糖。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094713front1_0_155891_FrWbYR2aRPNhZtPRDlSswctdPHwD.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="694" height="489" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094713front1_0_155891_FrWbYR2aRPNhZtPRDlSswctdPHwD.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />　　初一这一天禁忌多，如忌扫地，怕扫掉财运；忌操刀，怕不慎伤了皮肉不吉利；忌讲晦气话，怕言语相左伤了和气；忌讨债，认为喜庆日子不难为别人，体现福清人宽怀仁爱的美德；忌打小孩，怕哭声不祥。这天小孩最高兴不过，有什么要求，大人多满足他们。 “拜初二”在福清古称“拜新座”。这是民间节假日吊唁死者、安慰死者家属的活动。凡上一年有逝去成人的家庭，这天都给亡灵设灵座，让亲戚朋友来吊唁。初二日吊唁死者，这一风俗唯福清独有。 传说明嘉靖四十一年（1562年）年底，戚继光击溃入侵福清的倭寇后，逃难的人们相继回家过年。初一早上见面时互道恭喜，第二天就到死难者家中吊唁。除了吊唁，现在人们在初二日仍不互相串门。初一去过的人家，初二方可登门，否则就会被人埋怨。 初三这一天，各家各户收起岁灯，将岁饭上的红枣、花生仁和龙眼肉收藏起来，岁饭重新蒸热后，全家饱餐一顿，表示终年光明、终岁有余。商店初一、初二停业，初三开门营业，所以初三又叫“开假日”。福清还有“请初三”的风俗，这一天，有新嫁女的家庭，多派新娘的弟弟到亲家家中请新娘、新郎回娘家。头年“请初三”，娘家要设宴招待女婿和出嫁的女儿。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094750front1_0_155891_FubNNAhNCd8DNM--NPVOrDl1biQo.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="796" height="745" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094750front1_0_155891_FubNNAhNCd8DNM--NPVOrDl1biQo.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />福清民间还有做大岁、上彩、吃元宵丸、烘灯、闹社火等活动。城关地区还有过利桥的习俗。做大岁、上彩已逐渐淡出市民视野。吃元宵丸、烘灯（龙高一带舞板凳龙）如今仍在盛行。新厝一带闹社火活动，每年依旧十分活跃。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20230122094803front1_0_155891_Fr6JtLViJws3lAEhd6J_QYLWP56L.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="716" height="482" data-qf-origin="forum/20230122094803front1_0_155891_Fr6JtLViJws3lAEhd6J_QYLWP56L.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaZtOWkqTc4MA==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />  来源文化福清 </div>

梦想何先生 发表于 2023-1-22 17:00:51

这些习俗今天算学习了

梦想何先生 发表于 2023-1-22 17:01:21

小孩子过年只管玩。

梦想何先生 发表于 2023-1-22 17:02:10

昨晚12点还要放鞭炮结果我也等到了12点才去睡觉

梦想何先生 发表于 2023-1-22 17:02:40

早上还是被鞭炮声吵醒{:5_240:}

暖心发表于 2023-1-22 18:55:20

{:5_240:}{:5_240:}{:5_240:}

暖心发表于 2023-1-22 18:56:19

说的非常详细{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}

Snkrs 发表于 2023-1-23 10:10:11

福清过年习俗

Snkrs 发表于 2023-1-23 10:10:57

{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}

Snkrs 发表于 2023-1-23 10:11:37

今天学习到了

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看福清's Archiver

【林秋明作品】原汁原味的福清传统春节习俗