叶向高文化（十七）：愿将热血写春秋
<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 577.778px; vertical-align: top; border-style: none none solid solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px; border-color: rgb(218, 203, 158);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px -10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 566.788px; vertical-align: top; border-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(218, 203, 158, 0.2);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(196, 174, 118); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1px;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高和汤显祖生活在同一朝代，也是同科进士。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">非常值得探讨的是，在戏曲创作上成就卓越的汤显祖，虽然从政时间不长，却也政绩斐然；而“两入中书”政绩显赫的叶向高，为力促“台阁体”复兴，在中国文学史上同样可以写下浓墨重彩的篇章。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">汤显祖</strong>（1550—1617），江西临川人，明代著名戏曲家、文学家。其祖上四代均有文声，多是满腹经纶的学者，母亲也自幼熟读诗书。祖辈严谨的治学态度，在汤显祖幼小的心灵上打下深刻的烙印。汤显祖天资聪慧，5岁进家塾，12岁能赋诗，13岁学古文词，14岁补了县诸生，21岁中了举人。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万历十一年（1583），汤显祖与小他九岁的叶向高，一起高中癸未科进士。汤显祖被授予留都南京的太常寺博士、詹事府主簿，后擢南京礼部祠祭司主事。万历十九年（1591），目睹当时官僚腐败，愤而上了一道《论辅臣科臣疏》弹劾大学士申时行，反被贬为广东徐闻典史，后改任浙江遂昌县令。在遂昌任上五年，政绩斐然；后因打击豪强而触怒权贵，招致上司非议和地方恶势力反对，终于万历二十六年（1598）因对官场生态不满而愤然弃官归里。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">家居二十年时间里，汤显祖放弃“起报知遇”希望，打消“仕进”念想，虽境遇十分困苦，仍充满精力潜心坚持创作，著作颇丰。汤显祖主要作品有诗文《红泉逸草》《问敕邮草》《玉茗堂集》，传奇“五记”五种，以《还魂记》最为著名。尤其是其戏剧创作，成就甚高，为明中后期文学发展做出了杰出贡献，奠定了在中国文学史上的不朽地位。</section><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">值得大写篇章的是汤显祖戏曲作品——“五记”五种：《紫箫记》《紫钗记》《还魂记》《南柯记》《邯郸记》，后四种合称“临川四梦”（又称“玉茗堂四梦”）；以其中《还魂记》（即《牡丹亭梦》）最为著名。汤显祖这些戏剧代表作，不仅为中国民众所耳熟能详，而且传播至英、日、德、俄等西方大国，被视为世界戏剧史上的艺术珍品，极大地增强了中国文学乃至中华文化在世界的影响力。</section><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高</strong>（1559-1627），福建福清人，明代著名政治家、思想家、文学家。因躲避倭难，其母亲不得不在逃难途中路旁的一个破厕所边把他生下来，故叶向高有“厕仔”别称。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万历十一年（1583），叶向高以癸未科进士授庶吉士，为翰林院编修。万历二十二年（1594），调任南京国子监司业，后被召为左庶子兼侍读，担任皇长子（后来太子）的侍班官。万历三十五年（1607），以礼部尚书兼东阁大学士进入内阁，次年因势“独身任事”，人称“独相”。之后在泰昌年初，朝廷召返但未到任。天启皇帝登极，叶向高再次应召出任内阁首辅，呕心沥血辅佐熹宗四年（1621-1624），整顿吏治、调和党争、抗衡宦政、保存善类、卫国戍边，力挽狂澜于晚明危局。</section><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高作为晚明文学家，其创作与思想，与同时代一些追慕华丽奢靡风气的文人不同，他一直致力于对“台阁体”的复兴倡导与创作实践，以求晚明坛台重返兴盛。叶向高入主内阁后，伴随着政治地位的提高，其文学地位与影响也显著提升，成为了当时“馆阁文学”的领袖。正是在叶向高的矢志倡导和克力躬行下，台阁体再次走进了人们的视野，成为了翰林学士和上层文人的竞习对象。万历后期（1607-1619），台阁体出现了一次新的创作热潮，形成了短暂复振的局面。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从现存作品来看，叶向高不少文章呈现出明显的台阁体特征，主要是题材上以条陈、疏揭、送别、赠答、奉贺、记序、志铭、纪游、写景为主；思想上表现唯实辩证，中庸剂和；性格上充溢温柔敦厚、雅正挚情；风格上喜用典故掌故名贵器物入诗，展现雍容华贵气质；内容上除了记述士大夫为文从政的生涯事迹，也反映了底层民生疾苦和实时社会乱象，为台阁体注入了一阵阵新鲜的气息，重树了一座座高耸云天的丰碑。</section><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高运用台阁体所著的从政为国为民的理论文献，可从其“七草”文集和《蘧编》纪年（共138卷）中充分展读。其政治理论建树，可从以下六个主要方面进行初步梳理与探索“</section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: -3px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 2 2 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; border-width: 0px; border-radius: 100px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(139, 207, 224);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px -3px; padding: 3px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 100 100 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; background-color: rgb(222, 245, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: PingFangTC-ultralight;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一是君王之道，心怀天下。</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">提出为王之道，重在得人；王者以民之心为心，“得天，天全；得人、人全”。君王要“出于大公正之心，怀天下之大利害”。在昏庸荒政的万历中后期，叶向高反复强调要以史为鉴，多次上疏劝谏神宗需深知“天下安危第一大机”，时时“恐秦隋之祸，恐宗社之忧”。</section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: -3px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 2 2 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; border-width: 0px; border-radius: 100px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(139, 207, 224);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px -3px; padding: 3px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 100 100 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; background-color: rgb(222, 245, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: PingFangTC-ultralight;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二是为政之道，惟求利民。</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">提出人臣要“以民之心为心，以民之利为利”。认为“国家所重，惟经术吏治两端。经术明，则真儒之用；显吏治典，则太平之业建”。认为判断一件政事好与坏，应以是否“为民利民”为依归。像王安石变法，因其不能充分了解底层民众实际情况，以致后期变法反成害民；且王安石误用野心家与奸佞小人，致使中枢大权为奸臣所篡夺。据此，叶向高认为北宋败亡，教训极为深刻，“迂儒”如王安石者，朝廷必须弃用。</section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: -3px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 2 2 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; border-width: 0px; border-radius: 100px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(139, 207, 224);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px -3px; padding: 3px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 100 100 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; background-color: rgb(222, 245, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: PingFangTC-ultralight;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三是仕官之途，毋论崇卑。</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">认为臣子“大节”，在于“以国为重，毋伤国体”，“国家有难，当以生死”，在于善者善操、忠勤善息。万历皇帝在中后期久不视朝，叶向高独撑内阁七八年里，为保障政体运转而夙兴夜寐，克尽忠勤，充分表现了爱国忧民的耿耿忠心。对于官宦仕途、职位尊卑，叶向高始终十分看淡，无论万历朝还是天启朝，都曾以60多道“乞疏”坚意求辞，终使两朝准予致仕——万历四十二年（1614年）与天启四年（1624年），叶向高先后两次“谢政归来”，以“林下病夫”过“林下生活”。</section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: -3px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 2 2 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; border-width: 0px; border-radius: 100px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(139, 207, 224);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px -3px; padding: 3px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 100 100 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; background-color: rgb(222, 245, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: PingFangTC-ultralight;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">四是为兵之道，知兵为上。</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">认为“兵以治为胜”，提出治兵“六能”：能动、能静、能常、能卒、能安、能危；良将“五策”：明其等、习其节、一其度、定其志、洽其恩。主张“将士合一，以将范士”。</section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: -3px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 2 2 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; border-width: 0px; border-radius: 100px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(139, 207, 224);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px -3px; padding: 3px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 100 100 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; background-color: rgb(222, 245, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: PingFangTC-ultralight;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">五是国鉴之论，盛衰有因。</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">强调国家兴亡成败祸福，必须鉴古知今。认为历史上国家治理得失成败，“大抵以忧勤而兴，以宴安而败；以任贤从谏而昌，以信谗殖货而替”。认为大至国家小到家庭，成由节俭败由奢，“汉唐前事可为炯戒”，“国鉴于国，家鉴于家，小大难殊，其致一也”。</section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: -3px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 2 2 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; border-width: 0px; border-radius: 100px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(139, 207, 224);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px -3px; padding: 3px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 100 100 0%; align-self: stretch; height: auto; background-color: rgb(222, 245, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: PingFangTC-ultralight;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">六是法治之论，德法兼治。</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">认为“礼义律法，相为表理”；治理一个国家一个地区，都必须坚持德治与法治相结合。尤以“唐虞三代之治之隆”为理想，指出“国之大统”，需要传承；认为纪纲扫地，祸乱必生。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; min-width: 10%; height: auto; background-color: rgba(56, 204, 255, 0.09); align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: right; color: rgb(31, 196, 253); letter-spacing: 2px; line-height: 1.7;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">结语：</strong></p></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(31, 196, 253); height: 1px;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 15px; align-self: flex-end; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(31, 196, 253); height: 1px;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em;">文史学者俞达珠先生曾以汤显祖类比于同科进士叶向高，认为汤显祖因朝中无相识者而“畏怯弃考”庶吉士，仅授留都太常寺博士，后不满官场而辞归，潜心矢意于文学创作，历二十年成为了中国历史一代伟大的戏剧家、文学家，并且显赫于世界文坛历史；如果，强调如果，叶向高不入阁辅政，那么他完全可能也以二十年时间，成为一代著名文学家或者哲学家。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">笔者以为，实际上，叶向高以自己的天资特质、政治智慧、儒家正统与殊常拼搏，用卓然于世的显赫政绩、宝贵文献，成就了中国历史一代伟大的政治家、思想家、文学家的非凡定位，既大写了自己，也大写了中国一代历史。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者叶立俊</p></section><p></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_czz" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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