叶向高文化（十六）：叶向高《说类》：为中国小说资料...
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">听说北京的中国科学院图书馆珍藏有叶向高编著的《说类》，但是《说类》到底是一部怎样的书？</p><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">近期，邑人陈霞生先生想方设法，将原藏于中国科学院图书馆的明刻本《说类》（重刊本）一字不漏地复印回来。日前，我有幸读到这部书。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">据史料，叶向高的《说类》脱稿后，不久即刻印成书，由当时的福清“里人”林茂槐增删。《说类》全书共六十二卷，叶向高亲自写了序言《说序类》。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高在卷首的《说序类》中说：“稗官家言，自三代时已有，而后莫盛于唐宋，学者多弃而不道，然其间纪事，固有足补正史之所未及。而格言妙论微辞警语，读之，往往令人心开目明手舞……余在留曹，偶得一书，皆唐宋小说，数十种。摘其可广闻见，供谈资者录而存之”“质胜文则野，此野史也。礼失而求诸野，吾方欲以救史之失焉”。由此可见，在该《序》中，<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高以与客问答、解疑释惑的方式，强调自己汇编这部书的目的，是“补正史之所未及”，是“救史之失”。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果仅从“救史之失”角度，《说类》这部书似是百科全书类的书。但现在又有学者因其中内容多摘之于笔记小说，将其归入小说类著述。到底如何界定方为合适？</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据社科文史研究特点，小说类或小说家类，是中国古代书目著录子部下的一个小类，其所包含的内容十分驳杂，既有考辨的琐事，也有收集的遗事;既有实录的历史事实，也有依托的迂诞之说；既有哲理的议论阐述，又有异术的张扬。这里所说的小说类或小说家类,不能简单的与现代小说划上等号,这些小说类或小说家类的文献中,既有现代小说的成分,又有中国古小说类文献所独有的特色。比如说实录的历史事实，往往归入历史类著作，而哲理的议论阐述，又会被分在哲学著作之中,另有很多随笔性的笔记，又被归为散文性的创作。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">浙江师范大学人文学院教授，硕士生导师，文学博士刘天振，是国内当下研究宋元明清文学、古代小说与传统文化的著名专家。2014年，他在承担的教育部人文基金项目“明代类书体小说集研究”时，发表了《“小说家”视域下<说类>性质初探》，他认为，叶向高编著的《说类》六十二卷，在明清书目中被分别著录于子部的“杂家类”、“小说家类”和“类书类”，这种“三类互著”的现象，反映了其性质的复杂性。自“小说家”角度考察，它体现出较为浓郁的小说性：主体内容来源于说部之书；所辑材料具有很强的可读性；选材旨趣偏嗜志异性。同时，其题材还蕴涵丰富的知识性。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">刘天振教授还评价了叶向高《说类》的历史地位，认为<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《说类》“这种说部资料汇编，作为晚明士人读书治学的一种副产品，客观上为小说资料整理拓展了路径”。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">综上，叶向高的《说类》，实际上是杂家类、小说家类和类书类“三类合一”“三类互著”。因为其中的内容多摘之于笔记小说，可读性强是这部书的一大特色。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">·附：《说类》卷之三十五</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">原文：柳员外宗元自永州司马征（被征召）至京，意望录用。一日请卜者问命，且告以梦曰：“余柳姓也，昨梦柳树仆地，其不吉乎？”卜者曰：“无苦，但愁为远官耳！”征其意，曰：“夫生则柳树，仆则柳木。木者牧也，君其牧柳州乎？”卒如其言。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上文记载的是，唐元和十年（815年）一月，在永州司马任上的柳宗元接到回京诏书，二月回到长安时发生的事。果然三月十四再接到诏书，朝廷安排他前往柳州担任刺史。如果真有问卜之事，也许这个卜者有“天线”，早就知道皇上的意图？</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.098); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 99, 52); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：魏名庆</p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_czz" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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