叶向高文化（十五）：是非青史明——叶向高之于福清
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高充任东阁大学士八年，其中一半时间内阁空虚，阁臣仅剩他一人任事；天启年间叶向高又擢为吏部尚书，兼任内阁首辅。虽无显著政绩，但能勤于职守，“调处官府上下之间”，维持国家相对安定局面。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这等盛事原值得福清人骄傲，而遗憾的是，在福清民间，叶向高并未得到应有的好评。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.8;">对于历史人物的评价，应持严肃公正</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.8;">，实事求是，既不能溢美，也不宜苛求于古人。</span></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">终明一代，阁臣多是“备顾问”和文学侍从的性质。象张居正那样执拳牛耳，威柄一时的首辅，死后就以“专权乱政而被抄家，子侄惨遭发配或处死。因此明朝政策，决定了阁臣大都碌碌充任，无所做为。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高较诸那些唯唯诺诺，只知叩头呼万岁的阁老，还是好得多的。他以国计民生为重，呕心沥血规谏皇帝勤政，奏章言辞委婉悱恻，感人至深，从遗留下来的叶向高《纶扉奏草》30卷，便可知其用心良苦。可是皇帝能采纳执行的，只有十之二三。</section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高素来重视选拔和培养人才。他对明末科场上的弊端，曾提出改革方案。比如，在《答郑督学》中说，“富家子弟，往往目不识丁，而幸列黉序者，此辈进一人则妨寒士一人，深可痛恨”。在《答冯学使》信中，为徐匡岳“以意裁损”福清儒童名额三分之一非常不满，哀叹福清从此“青衿为少，黉舍日衰”。并列举福清地广、缙绅多等理由，要求冯学使补还损失的名额，使福清“由此多见彬彬济济之盛”。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">民间传说叶向高内侄因拖欠公粮在押，妻子哭求他救援，他献计让妻子亲到狱中送饭，由是惊动县宫立即释放其内侄之事，在文献记载里看到的却是叶向高对亲族催交公粮、不留情面的记载。在《答汪邑侯》里，他先以官府的“考成之令”设身处地为其着想，促其加紧追收，强<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.8;">调军储的重要性；</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.8;">接着对拖欠者细致分析，特别点到自家族人，说这些人的拖欠是由于官府碍着叶向高的情面不敢追索，而不是没有力量交纳，要求汪邑侯“严行拘拿，监禁责治，勿少容纵”，以便通过这样教育其他欠交的人，“万勿碍于情面，而坐受其累”。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">总的说来，叶向高虽居统治阶级高层，但正如他在自述中所言：“未尝敢以私怨毁一士大夫，未尝敢受一钱于六曹一事”，一生忠君忧国、正己达人，堪为世人典范。</section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：俞娟月 </p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_czz" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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