叶向高文化（十二）：叶向高仙井岩石刻题诗辨识
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">位于镜洋镇磨石村旁的仙井岩是福清久负盛誉的一处名胜，历史上吸引了不少达官显宦、文人墨客登临观赏，还留下许多摩崖石刻。但由于年代久远，风雨侵蚀，这些石刻大多字迹模糊不清。特别是叶向高所题的石刻，因是草书体，更不易辨认。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《玉融文库系列丛书·台山诗文选》刊载的<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">叶向高仙</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">井岩</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">的石刻</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">题诗为：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">仔细欣赏叶向高这首题诗，意思明白通畅，一点也不深奥，只在第五、六句用典。古代诗人的诗作用典是普遍现象。上述叶向高题诗里第五句“元亮醉”的“元亮”、第六句“步兵狂”的“步兵”，是指史上两位名人，即陶渊明和阮籍。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">陶渊明（约365年—427年），名潜，字元亮，号五柳先生，东晋诗人、文学家、散文家。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">宋书九十三《隐逸列传·陶潜》这样介绍陶渊明：</section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">陶潜，字渊明，或云渊明字元亮，寻阳柴桑人也，曾祖侃，晋大司马。潜少有高趣，尝著《五柳先生传》以自况，曰：先生不知何许人，不详姓字，宅边有五柳树，因以为号焉。闲静少言，不慕荣利。好读书，不求甚解，每有会意，欣然忘食。性嗜酒，而家贫不能恆得。亲旧知其如此，或置酒招之，造饮辄尽，期在必醉……</section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">阮籍(210—263年)，三国魏诗人。字嗣宗。曾任过司马氏父子的从事中郎，当过散骑常侍、步兵校尉，因此后人称之为“阮步兵”。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高在题诗里运用这两个古代名人典故，是为了形象地体现当时叶向高与众友人登临仙井岩值雨小饮时的意境和心情。</section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 12px;">叶向高仙井岩题诗石刻照片</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1.5px;"></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">回过头来，我们发现《玉融文库系列丛书·台山诗文选》刊载的叶向高题诗里第五句“胜会朝辞元亮醉”，这与第六句“浪游应笑步兵狂”对仗不工整。主要问题在于两句诗的第三个字“朝”与“应”上。“应”在这里作动词用，相对应的“朝”也应该是动词。那么，这个“朝”字，是否镌刻时认错字或刻错字呢？</section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">仔细查看叶向高仙井岩题诗石刻上的字，对照书法相关资料，发现第五句第三个字并非草书“朝”字，倒更像是“期”字的草书。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">如是，则第五句应为“胜会期辞元亮醉”。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">“期”在这里也是作动词用，是“盼望”的意思，与第六句对仗非常工整。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">上面说了，陶渊明（元亮）“造饮辄尽，期在必醉”。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">叶向高与友人登仙井岩，值雨小饮，希望大家不要像陶渊明（元亮）那样喝得酩酊大醉，“胜会期辞元亮醉”就是表达了这个意思，而且这与第六句“浪游应笑步兵狂”对仗就十分工整。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">如上述推论正确，那么叶向高仙井岩石刻题诗应该是：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(107, 129, 135); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：王其桃</p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_czz" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
页:
[1]