叶向高文化（十）：叶向高的贤妻与慈母
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 叶向高的成才，除了受祖父、父亲的教育外，还受到母亲林氏和<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">妻子俞氏的影响。</span></p><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">叶向高之父叶朝荣官居知州，叶向高也当了翰林编修，不论“妻以夫荣”，还是“母以子贵”，这时的林氏，尽可以过上贵夫人的生活了。然而，林氏一生却蔬食布衣，俭朴如初。</span></section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">一次，叶向高买了一块肉，煮好后亲自送到母亲面前，林氏接过，即分给几个孙儿吃。怕叶向高心中难过，说是“吾口久不甘此味。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">”又一次，叶向高告假归乡，同窗好友经常前来探望。叶向高见母亲一身着粗糙布衣，怕诸友责备他不尽孝道，就特地为林氏做了一件细绸布的衣服，跪请母亲穿上。林氏见状只好穿上，但第二天又马上换上布衣，操持家务，并对儿子说：“留待百年之需，免得到时操心。”</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">叶朝荣过世后，留下一条苎麻织成的蚊帐，已很旧了，林氏还在使用。叶向高劝母亲做条新的。林氏沉下脸严肃地说：“此物是你父所遗，你何故要我忘却你父?”叶向高自知失言，含泪叩头谢罪。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">叶向高假满进京，恳请母亲一起去，以便朝夕侍奉，安享晚年。林氏为不使儿子为难，勉强同行。但不到一年，林氏就以“想念诸孙”为由，借故还乡。半路上，她写信给叶向高，说是为了使他“免除母累，专心供职”。</span></section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 明万历四十二年(1614年)，皇太后崩逝，按朝旧例，四品<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">以上官员的夫人都得进宫哭灵。因万历皇帝昏庸，不理朝政，故百官也多不尽职守制，以致进宫哭灵的命妇不过十多人。在这冷落的场合，俞氏进宫了。皇帝更感叶向高忠心可嘉。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 万历皇帝死后，太子登基，派专使召叶向高进京复职。叶向高写了一<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">首表明自己留恋六载退隐生活的诗。诗云：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px;">新筑书斋壁未干，马蹄催我上长安。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.75em;">少</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.75em;">壮只道为官好，老来方知做事难。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px;"> 千里关山千里远，一番风雨一番寒。何如静坐区园里，翠竹青松等闲看。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">俞氏看了此诗，又力劝叶向高进京复职。向高不解说：“你当年<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">让我归来，今又如何促我起行?”俞氏说：“近闻辽东战事失利，辽阳失守。值此国家多难之秋，为人臣者，岂可只顾自安?”于是，叶向高决计再次出山，俞氏因年老没有随行。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;">四年后，辽东局势缓和，魏忠贤开始篡权。俞氏又连写数信，催叶向高辞官。因此，后人称赞俞夫人能“视国事之缓急，归向高之进退，不以进止为荣辱”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">作者：俞达珠</span></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_czz" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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