叶向高文化（二）：叶向高的中庸之道
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纵观历代的政治家、思想家，无不在承袭先贤哲学思想成果的基础上，加以阐释、补充、发挥而自成一家。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在中国，历代知识分子在接受启蒙教育时，主要接受儒家学说的熏陶，但之后又无不涉猎诸子百家的思想学说，在其所处社会、时代、政治态势与学术思潮中，展示出特异的哲学思维和处事理念。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">明代政治家叶向高，没有专门的哲学文章或者专著行世，其独特的价值理念与哲学思维，主要体现和渗透在施政主张、为人行事与各类文论之中。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作为“叶向高文化”的重要组成部分，叶向高的哲学思想，主要表现在中庸的处世理念和朴素的辩证唯物史观。</span></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 37px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 37px;">叶向高的中庸之道</strong></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.8px;"></span></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 37px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、叶向高的“中庸”思想，是当时社会思潮的全面折射。</span></strong></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">汉唐以降，直至叶向高生活的明代中晚期，在1800多年的时间里，尽管经历了数次改朝换代，中国以农耕为经济基础、以儒学为精神支柱的社会形态，得到了持续巩固与发展，从全球范围来说，直至明朝中晚期，中国都是世界上首屈一指、难有比肩的强大国家。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">回顾历史我们可以看到，封建社会的统治阶级在他们谋夺天下之时，无不以“法家”理论为号角，以激烈“斗争”为手段，鼓吹推翻腐朽的旧政权；</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">而夺取政权之后，为巩固新的王朝统治，依然施行“法治”，但同时又倡导“仁政”王道，摸索制定新的管理制度，诸如轻徭薄赋、赈灾济民、休养生息等等。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">同时在新王朝政权相对稳固阶段，统治者与被统治者之间、官民之间，都有一个“国泰民安”的共同愿望，要达此目的，就必须善于调节、处理社会各个方面的矛盾。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高所处的时代，大明王朝经历了200多年发展，仍然处于比较强盛的阶段。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这个时候，整个社会的思潮，包括官场规则、民间交往，均希望以“和”为贵，“中庸之道”自然就上升为解决君臣之间、官民之间、官僚之间各类矛盾的主流思想和处世哲学。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">儒家“中庸之道”被重视，被阐释，被广泛应用到实际中，自然也深刻地影响着叶向高的立世和处事。</span></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 37px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、叶向高的“中庸”思想，是传统儒学教育的深深烙印。</span></strong></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">五岁以前，叶向高经历过一段短暂的“逃避倭难”的动荡生活。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">但此后的明王朝，还未出现大规模的农民起义、藩王叛乱或戍边大臣军阀割据之类的事件，社会总体形势还算是安定的。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在这样的社会大气候中，叶向高度过了青少年时期，刻下了以传统儒学为主导的哲学思想烙印。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">嘉靖四十二年（1563年），叶向高一家结束躲避倭难，由海口镇东卫城回到港头后叶村。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这一年春节，全家人过上了一个安稳的年。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">据说叶向高母亲在炊年糕时，心情愉快，见到儿子与一群小孩子一起放鞭炮，随口说道：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“依奶（福清方言，意即母亲）炊糖粿，一团和气”。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高听了，随即和上：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“厕仔（向高的小名）放炮仗，万象回春”。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">而这一年，叶向高年仅4周岁。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第二年，祖父叶广彬把叶向高带在身边，开始进行传统的儒学教育。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高在《苍霞草》自叙中说：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“余自知句读时，先君子课三苏文，辄能成诵，家故穷乡，所见书止六籍、性理、纲鉴、左传、先儒训站”，明确表明了他接受的启蒙教育内容。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一日，叶广彬为了试试他的孙儿，出了一个上联：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“日长似岁闲方觉”，要叶向高对上，叶向高对曰：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“夜永如年卧不知”。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">两则故事，两个妙对，讲万象回春的欢乐年景，讲怡然自乐的乡间生活，不仅展露了叶向高的少小聪慧，也反映了当时人们对和平安宁生活的向往与企望。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3、叶向高的“中庸”思想，是调和现实矛盾的自然产物。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">中庸之道，简而言之，就是在处理现实社会各类矛盾时，选择并采取调和之策，而其中的上下通达、左右逢源，绝非一日之功。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高深刻了解并始终践行“世事洞明皆学问，人情练达即文章”的道理，尤其是他一生从政生涯达40余载，面对君臣之间、政党之间的各类政坛隔阂乃至尖锐矛盾，一直坚持中庸的理念与调和的做法。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">能够40余载在皇帝懒政、宦官专权、党争不断的恶劣环境中从政，无异于在风浪中行走、在刀刃上舞蹈；</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">也只有叶向高这种渺观沧海、游刃有余的“中庸之道”，才能使得其能够屹立不倒，勉力支撑着大明王朝这艘航船。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在社会治理方面，叶向高大力倡导仁政“王道”，推行以中庸理念治世。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">他在《王道荡平正直论》一文中说,“夫王者之治天下，非以我治之也。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以我治天下者，私天下者也……夫所谓王者，何也？</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">公其心而已矣。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其心足以合天地，则王；</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其心足以通民物，则王；</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其心足以历四时，贯金石，则王。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">故曰：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">王道约，而易操本之于心也。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">心无我，故能合天下以为我，合天下以为我，治之至也，道之极也，荡平正直之谓也”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这段话说得很明白：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一切出于公心，乃合于天心，乃是王道，乃能荡平一切。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“治之至也”。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">天人合一，“王道之至也”。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">尽管后人对叶向高的无奈心态与调和政策评判各有不同，但从历史的客观的角度来看，似是别无他法。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这是时代使然，也是叶向高中的庸之道这一处世哲学使然。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在人情世故方面，叶向高处理一般的人际关系，也多采取“中庸”的调和态度。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">他在《韩魏国不分善恶黑白论》中说，“天下之患，非独小人为之，君子亦有过焉。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">君子之过何也？</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">好骛于标植而不察于事端，太露于町畦而不详察于制变，激于意气之奋而不及长远之虑，凡此皆君子之过也。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">是故天下之事，表激者必密之以蓄，横发者必持之以忍，难图者必应之以深虑。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蓄则莫能疑也，忍则莫能忌也，深虑则莫能害也，此弥奸之术也”。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在叶向高的认识里，“小人”有过，“君子”也会有过，对人世间的是非善恶，他都抱着宽大为怀、可恕可纠的中庸态度。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 40px; line-height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.8px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(203, 73, 55); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：俞达珠</p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_czz" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
页:
[1]