小时候糖吃多了 长大后记性会变差？
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">时常觉得自己记性比别人差？有没有可能是小时候糖吃多了？来自乔治亚大学和南加州大学的科学家首次发现：在大脑快速发育的童年阶段摄入过多糖分，会损伤成年后的记忆功能，研究结果发表在Nature子刊。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;"><a target="_blank" href="https://static.cnbetacdn.com/article/2022/0108/a6596b526883131.png" data-index="0" data-lightbox-gallery="cbc-gallery" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 51, 102); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); text-decoration-line: none;"></a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">怎么回事？光是蛀牙和肥胖等危害还不够？</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">如何得出的这个结论？</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">科学家们首先将21只出生了26-28天的幼年雄鼠分为实验组和对照组，在相同的食物喂养下，分别给它们自由饮用<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">单糖溶液和普通过滤水</span>。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">其中单糖溶液质量体积比为11%，含65%的果糖和35%的葡萄糖，<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">配比模拟了人类常喝的含糖饮料</span>。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">每周监测三次小鼠们的食物摄入、溶液摄入和体重情况。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">等小鼠成年，也就是长到60天后，开始进行记忆任务实验。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">第一个实验是<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">NOIC</span>（Novel Object in Context）实验，它可以根据小鼠在特定环境中识别出熟悉事物的能力，以此来衡量依赖<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">海马体</span>的情景记忆功能。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">具体就是提供两个不一样的环境：一个半透明盒子和一个灰色不透明盒。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">第一天在半透明盒子中放置2个不同物体A和B，把小鼠放进去熟悉；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">第二天把小鼠们放到灰色盒中，把B换成A，即放置两个一样的物体A；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">第三天再把灰色盒中的物体换回A和B，俩物体小鼠都见过，但此时其中一个物体的<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">放置位置</span>对于小鼠而言是此前并未见过的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">然后就可以记录小鼠们探索“新”物体的时间除以探索物体A和B所花费的时间之和，也就是“辨别指数”（假设小鼠会对不熟悉的物体耗费更多时间）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">其中对识别和探索的定义为：用鼻子嗅探或用前爪触摸物体。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">第二个实验是<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">NOR</span>（Novel Object Recognition）实验，通过对比小鼠探索与环境无关的新事物所耗费的时间，来衡量与海马体无关、由<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">大脑皮层</span>控制的基本认知记忆功能。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">具体就是先把小鼠放在一个空间中，给俩一样的罐子供小鼠探索；然后再把空间全面清洁<a data-link="1" href="https://c.duomai.com/track.php?site_id=242986&euid=&t=https%3A%2F%2Flist.jd.com%2Flist.html%3Fcat%3D737%2C13297%2C1301" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 51, 102); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); text-decoration-line: none;">消毒</a>，换掉其中一个物体，再把小鼠放进来记录它们对两种罐子的探索时间。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">结果是，NOR实验中的两组小鼠的表现并没有太大差别，<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">但NOIC实验结果却不一样</span>：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">相比幼年时喝白水长大的小鼠，<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">喝了太多糖水的小鼠在探索熟悉物体B上消耗的时间更长</span>，也就是对它的记忆能力变弱了。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;"><a target="_blank" href="https://static.cnbetacdn.com/article/2022/0108/51bed61f400915a.png" data-index="1" data-lightbox-gallery="cbc-gallery" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 51, 102); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); text-decoration-line: none;"></a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">△</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">CTL代表白水，SUG为糖水</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">这也就说明，生命发育早期高糖摄入对依赖大脑皮层的记忆功能没有影响，但会损害依赖海马体的上下文情景记忆功能。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">其中，通过对小鼠海马体RNA测序表明，高糖饮食主要会影响与神经递质突出信号传导有关的4种通路：多巴胺能、谷氨酸能、胆碱能和血清素能信号传导通路。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">机制难寻，肠道菌群</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">为什么会这样？</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">正所谓“遇事不决，量子力学；<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">机制难寻，肠道菌群</span>”——科学家们提取了小鼠的粪便，开始从它们的肠道菌群中找答案。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">结果发现，含糖饮料真的会对肠道菌群产生影响：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">喝糖水长大的小鼠肠道中<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">与海马体功能呈负相关的两种副拟杆菌属物种：</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">狄氏副</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">拟杆菌和约氏副拟杆菌的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; font-weight: 700;">浓度增加了</span>。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">这俩细菌的浓度越高，对海马体的损害也就越强。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">另外，考虑到高糖摄入对体重的影响，科学家还做了一些针对实验。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">结果有点出乎意料，小鼠在“青春期”过糖摄入对成年后体重没有影响。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">不过它们对葡萄糖的耐量却降低了（影响就是容易得糖尿病）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; margin: 8px auto 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 2em;">哎，糖这个东西虽然能让人快乐，但如此看来还是从小就要少碰为妙。</p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_MN5" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 还是有科学依据的 吃糖能产生大量的草酸！！ 确实会影响记忆 这是真的吗？？ 凡事不要过量就对了 真的假的 还有这种的研究方向 {:5_231:}{:5_231:}{:5_231:}{:5_231:}{:5_231:}{:5_231:}{:5_231:} 也许有点道理吧！ 心态决定一切！！
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