林兆鼎：平叛名将，威震川贵
<section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86005" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow: auto; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.45; border-radius: 3px; overflow-wrap: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 31px; text-indent: 0em;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 31px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">林兆鼎（1570—1633），字时廉，号九聚，祖籍福建福清东瀚镇东瀚村。明朝后期平叛名将，与其同样出身于武进士的抗倭名将戚继光一样，精于使用火器，善于以少胜多，屡战屡捷、战功赫赫，在当年的川贵、两湖地区声名远播，官至南京右军都督府同知、左都督，去世后朝廷追赠太子少保。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">林兆鼎魁梧奇伟，声如洪钟，“稍长，负奇气，不喜科举”。曾投笔叹曰：“大丈夫当如班仲升（班超）、傅介子（西汉外交家），立奇功万里外，安用取效于毛锥间乎？”表现出远大志向，最后“仗剑走浙燕”。</span></p><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 31px; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">明万历四十一年（1613），林兆鼎中武进士后，授河间守备，升四川都阃（官名，守卫城镇的头目）。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">明朝天启年间，林兆鼎率2000名敢死队，勇破奢崇明数万人，因征服蛮夷有功，改任四川遵义参将。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">明崇祯二年（1629），叛军首领安邦彦集合 l0 多万叛军进犯贵州赤水。川贵总督朱燮元设计将其从易守难攻的水西地区，引至四川永宁（今四川叙永）决战的策略，命令总兵林兆鼎从三岔出兵。林兆鼎身先士卒，招募敢死队袭营横击，血战三天三夜，以数千人打败数万叛军，敌人“以为飞将军从天而下也”。后林兆鼎再率本标3000名官兵进剿，斩缚贼魁吴老贵等40余人，乘胜擒吴胜德、斩何大疤，仅三个月就荡平三山江苗。</span></p><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 31px; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">翌年，林兆鼎督兵讨伐平谷里，连破 10 多寨，杀死贼寇 900 多人，俘敌 170 多人，救出被虏百姓 1500 多人。还带领将士在鸭池建筑多处城池，据险以控制水酋骚扰，以致贼寇不敢过江侵扰，百姓得以安心生产生活。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">明崇祯四年（1631），林兆鼎遣将讨伐湖广番州的苗族，攻破 200 多寨，抓获两江九股黑苗，歼灭魁首王国卿。还召集汉土官兵 3 万多人，分为 3 路，攻城拔寨，势如破竹，生擒伪国公老拗、伪总兵老石等人。“苗怖天威，愿齿编氓，拓地千余里，岁输粮二千余石”。皇帝念其功劳，予以褒奖，还荫一子为锦衣卫正千户。后林兆鼎升南京右军都督府同知。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">林兆鼎用兵擅长以少胜多。他针对朝廷每次征战消耗大量人力、物力，多有提议。“前后大小数百战，扫地千余里，而抚降效粮数千石，岁给军储，省国家公帑万万。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">林兆鼎对军事颇有研究，著有《威暨录》。该书记录林兆鼎的显赫战功。他对人文掌故有所涉猎，著有《二酉藏书》。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">《明史》载：“林兆鼎……天启中，为四川参将，积功至总兵官，都督同知。崇祯三年，遣将讨定番州苗，连破十余寨，擒其魁。四年，遣将讨湖广苗黑酋，攻拔二百余寨。加左都督，召佥南京右府。卒，赠太子少保。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">明崇祯六年（1633 年），太子少保、都督同知林兆鼎在南京去世，钦赐祭葬，墓在福清六十都铉沙山。祖林德抚、父林仕骅赠荣禄大夫、都督同知，儿子林之灜，承荫锦衣卫，世袭正千户。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> “甲人臣之贵盛，宠荣始终。得善其功名者，洵无如公也已”。曾任河南道御史的连江人董应举评价林兆鼎曰：“天下奇男子也。以匹夫用武奋出而扫荡水蔺诸苗，救黔蜀，威震西南，拓疆会图，何其雄也……汉室大将军（林兆鼎）连年北伐，功綦盛矣。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">《福清县志》载：“林兆鼎……善射命中，又精火器。沉勇有谋，应敌变化，而乘机逐利，如飞电鸣霆，不可向迩，虽古名将弗过也！其善用少如岳忠武（岳飞），用奇如韩淮阴（韩信），兵机不测，出入天渊；如（李愬）雪夜之破蔡州，（狄青）元夕张灯之夺昆仑关。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.098); transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 31px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">作者：林秋明</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section></section><p></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="102048" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 544px; background-color: rgb(255, 244, 216);"><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 544px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 12px; transform: rotate(90deg);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="margin: -4px 7px 0px; padding: 10px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(197, 0, 0); border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(197, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; text-align: center; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; line-height: 31px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;">【明】王锡衮:少保林公 (林兆鼎)传</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;">明崇祯二年(1629年)，叛军首领安邦彦集合l0余万叛军进犯贵州赤水。朱燮元命令总兵林兆鼎从三岔出兵。林兆鼎招募敢死队袭营横击，以数千人打败数万叛军，敌人“以为飞将军从天而下也”。崇祯三年（1630年），林兆鼎督兵讨伐平谷里，连破十余寨，杀死贼寇九百多人，俘敌一百七十多人，释放被虏士兵一千五百余人。还带领将士在鸭江建筑多处城池，以控制水酋骚扰，以致贼寇不敢侵犯，百姓得以安心生产、生活。</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;"> 崇祯四年(1631年)，林兆鼎遣将讨伐湖广番州的苗族，攻破二百余寨，抓获两江九股黑苗，歼灭魁首王国卿。还召集漠土官兵三万多人，分为三路，生擒伪国公老拗、伪总兵老石等人。“苗怖天威，愿齿编氓，拓地六百余里，岁输粮二千余石。”皇帝念其功劳，予以褒奖，还荫一子为锦衣卫正千户。后林兆鼎升南京右军都督府同知。</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;"> 林兆鼎用兵擅长以少胜多。他针对朝廷每次征战消耗大量人力、物力，多有提议。“前后大小数百战，扫地千余里，而抚降效粮数千石，岁给军储，省国家公帑万万。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;"> 林兆鼎军事颇有研究，著有《威暨录》。该书记录林兆鼎的显赫战功。他本该将书进献朝廷，谋求宣付史馆，却自己将之刻印，声言：“爰摭其在蜀在黔两地约略者付之剞劂，敢曰粉饰见闻，为喜事边疆者嚆矢也，诸先生其有以进而教之！”</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; text-align: center; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;"> 林兆鼎对人文掌故有所涉猎，著有《二酉藏书》。该书说的是：秦始皇焚书坑儒，几位儒生为逃避暴政，带上诗书，逃到了武陵山中的二酉洞，可带的书毕竟有限，便在土家人的支持下削简写书，下决心要把秦始皇焚掉的诗书默写出来。二酉洞整整垒了两壁。一年后，儒生见外面没有动静，便出来教土民识字，后被官府发现，被坑埋。土民们约定，谁也不许动那些书，要将它保护下来。年深日久，书简变成了崖壁。</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;"> 《中国人名大辞典》、《福州人名志》、清乾隆《福清县志》等典籍皆载有林兆鼎其人其事。《明史·列传》参照《福建通志》载曰：“林兆鼎……天启中，为四川参将，积功至总兵官，都督同知。崇祯三年，遣将讨定番州苗，连破十余寨，擒其魁。四年，遣将讨湖广苗黑酋，攻拔二百余寨。加左都督，召佥南京右府。卒，赠太子少保。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;"> 崇祯六年（1633年），林兆鼎在南京去世，钦赐祭葬。“甲人臣之贵盛，宠荣始终。得善其功名者，洵无如公也已。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;"> 曾任河南道御史的连江人董应举评价林兆鼎：“天下奇男子也。以匹夫用武奋出而扫荡水蔺诸苗，救黔蜀，威震西南，拓疆会图，何其雄也……汉室大将军（指林兆鼎）连年北伐，功綦盛矣。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; cursor: text; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; outline: none 0px !important;"> 如今，在东瀚镇东瀚村林氏宗祠里，还保留有朝廷为林兆鼎竖立的牌匾。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_pAm" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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