明朝这五项伟大发明，个个都是世界第一，却在西方被发扬光大！
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010503" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010503"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p>诸史</p><p> 如今，很多人思考中华文明百年耻辱之时，不假思索的都认为是明清的责任。然而，明朝的时候，中国科技真的落伍了吗？接下来，就让我们看看明朝最伟大的五项发明，每一项都领先世界。</p><p> 闲话一句，中国科技重实践不重理论，的确让中国在明朝后期，相比欧洲的蓬勃发展，有些衰落，但依然还领先世界，况且当时中西方交流非常频繁，明朝能够获取和及时运用世界先进科技。至于中国科技的真正衰落，或许真要归于后来者。毕竟在明亡之后，中国在科技上，对世界的贡献几乎为零，非常能够说明问题。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135221front2_0_177842_Fig-KgRKYGcxtWaJVpBsDs0GqN9X.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="440" height="342" data-qf-origin="forum/20240413135221front2_0_177842_Fig-KgRKYGcxtWaJVpBsDs0GqN9X.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135221front2_0_177842_Fig-KgRKYGcxtWaJVpBsDs0GqN9X.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb-origin="forum/20240413135221front2_0_177842_Fig-KgRKYGcxtWaJVpBsDs0GqN9X.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p> 第一项，世界首个石油井</p><p> 石油，大家都知道这玩意的重要性。新中国开发大庆油田的时候，费了极大的精力。但很少人知道的是，世界上第一口油井是明朝建成的。1521年，四川嘉州建成明朝首个石油井。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135233front2_0_177842_FlMbk8wiAjttV3In5m0rI43LzQTX.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="546" height="466" data-qf-origin="forum/20240413135233front2_0_177842_FlMbk8wiAjttV3In5m0rI43LzQTX.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135233front2_0_177842_FlMbk8wiAjttV3In5m0rI43LzQTX.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb-origin="forum/20240413135233front2_0_177842_FlMbk8wiAjttV3In5m0rI43LzQTX.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p> 第二项，世界首颗水底雷</p><p> 水雷犹如地雷，是穷人的武器，一旦数量上来了，可以有效的阻碍敌人军舰，当然也阻碍了自己，在近代军事上发挥着重要作用。1549年，明朝制造出水底雷，为世界上最早的水雷。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135306front2_0_177842_FjPHcwglVk0uUfloeXDJx5eh63qS.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="486" height="426" data-qf-origin="forum/20240413135306front2_0_177842_FjPHcwglVk0uUfloeXDJx5eh63qS.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135306front2_0_177842_FjPHcwglVk0uUfloeXDJx5eh63qS.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb-origin="forum/20240413135306front2_0_177842_FjPHcwglVk0uUfloeXDJx5eh63qS.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p> 第三项，牛痘预防天花病</p><p> 在古代社会，人类最大的敌人是什么？天花病绝对是最重要的之一，但被明人攻克了，造福了人类。1567年，在宁国府太平县试行痘接种方法来预防天花疾病，后来更加传入欧洲。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135318front2_0_177842_FlNhGuNiTRUrOSH_4hpx5zEcC-LV.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="361" height="245" data-qf-origin="forum/20240413135318front2_0_177842_FlNhGuNiTRUrOSH_4hpx5zEcC-LV.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135318front2_0_177842_FlNhGuNiTRUrOSH_4hpx5zEcC-LV.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb-origin="forum/20240413135318front2_0_177842_FlNhGuNiTRUrOSH_4hpx5zEcC-LV.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p> 第四项，火爆法采矿技术</p><p> 工业革命的需要两个基本前提：一是动力，一是原料。如果有了蒸汽机，但没有原料，一样白搭。1596年，明朝就发明火爆法采矿技术，让采矿变得更加容易，尤其是煤矿蒸汽机主要粮食——煤等。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135341front2_0_177842_FlAlnNUhQ4OZaR9PYIOA_BMiidGY.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="497" height="332" data-qf-origin="forum/20240413135341front2_0_177842_FlAlnNUhQ4OZaR9PYIOA_BMiidGY.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135341front2_0_177842_FlAlnNUhQ4OZaR9PYIOA_BMiidGY.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb-origin="forum/20240413135341front2_0_177842_FlAlnNUhQ4OZaR9PYIOA_BMiidGY.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p> 第五项，不畏雨的燧发枪</p><p> 1635年，火器研究家毕懋康发明了燧发枪，在当时可谓世界第一。这种枪在雨雪天也能使用，这是中华武器史上的巨大革命。但是随着明朝沦亡，满清的思想局限性，导致了火器发展停滞不前。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135405front2_0_177842_Fl7Nl2_WJpTrQEpmmEKnV0rI2p0b.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="577" height="396" data-qf-origin="forum/20240413135405front2_0_177842_Fl7Nl2_WJpTrQEpmmEKnV0rI2p0b.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135405front2_0_177842_Fl7Nl2_WJpTrQEpmmEKnV0rI2p0b.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb-origin="forum/20240413135405front2_0_177842_Fl7Nl2_WJpTrQEpmmEKnV0rI2p0b.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p> 实际上，明朝还有非常多的发明创造，在此只是管中窥豹而已，其他的还有很多，比如：朱元璋的后人朱载堉研究出十二平均律“根号2开12次方”，后来传入欧洲；李时珍的《本草纲目》里面，记载了276种无机药物的性质，以及蒸馏、蒸发、升华等科学技术；徐光启《农政全书》对农业先进技术和经验的总结；明朝赵士桢的《神器谱》详细介绍了火器制造各个方面，后来被清朝禁毁；被誉为科学“百科全书”的宋应星《天工开物》，却被清朝禁毁。</p><p> 坦率的说，如果康熙真的爱好科学，根本无需找传教士学习，只要能把中华这些科技自由的传承下去，相信中国根本就是另外一个样，在科技上肯定不会比晚清差。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable " contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135442front2_0_177842_FhEMk56hzcNUFn8SQMvTWhndI6-f.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="285" height="428" data-qf-origin="forum/20240413135442front2_0_177842_FhEMk56hzcNUFn8SQMvTWhndI6-f.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240413135442front2_0_177842_FhEMk56hzcNUFn8SQMvTWhndI6-f.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" data-qf-thumb-origin="forum/20240413135442front2_0_177842_FhEMk56hzcNUFn8SQMvTWhndI6-f.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOWOu-emj-a4heS6q-a4heemj-WOuw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p> 列位看官，对于明朝领先世界的五项伟大发明，你最佩服哪一项？</p> <!----></div> 历史文化底蕴
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