【福清头条】曾经福清十年九旱，粮缺民困，番薯是怎么引进福清的
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010503" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010503"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p class=""> （一）</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240404164246front2_0_153532_FsC--Xo2GdlYaLP-nulEJiantRrR.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="676" data-qf-origin="forum/20240404164246front2_0_153532_FsC--Xo2GdlYaLP-nulEJiantRrR.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>福清地处海陬，背山面海，流短水乏，十年九旱，不蕃禾稻，粮缺民困，民众苦水久矣！</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240404164252front2_0_153532_Fr9wChNFT6EduKhQuv6OOmTVSshY.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="653" data-qf-origin="forum/20240404164252front2_0_153532_Fr9wChNFT6EduKhQuv6OOmTVSshY.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>明万历间，福建巡抚金学曾勘灾来到福清，见“旱魃为虐，野草无青”，田间禾枯地裂，粒粮无收。便命人将长乐陈振龙父子进献的传自吕宋（今菲律宾）的地瓜（朱薯）苗种传到福清，并教民众种植技术。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240404164315front2_0_153532_FplfDSHnubmAB-2k1plRwgCIph9s.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="889" height="500" data-qf-origin="forum/20240404164315front2_0_153532_FplfDSHnubmAB-2k1plRwgCIph9s.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>地瓜性喜沙土，耐旱耐盐碱且高产，十分适合在缺水的福清种植。由是，番薯成为福清人的主粮，也是一代代先民度灾的救命粮。</p><p> </p><p>（二）</p><p>清康熙年间，为感念金学曾在福清传习番薯之卓著功勋，经福清乡绅公议，在涵阁修建了一座纪念历史名人的报功祠“金公祠”。当时邑人孝廉陈文炅为金公祠撰写了《明都御史金学曾报功祠记》。全文如下：</p><p>昔厉山氏之有天下也，其子名柱，能种谷，为农官。厥后周弃继之，粒我蒸民，祀以为稷。《记》曰：“法施于民则祀之。”盖食其德者不忘其报也。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240404164513front2_0_153532_Fv-OWbDHc3ppb7OqNuSgh4VWejfu.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="760" height="736" data-qf-origin="forum/20240404164513front2_0_153532_Fv-OWbDHc3ppb7OqNuSgh4VWejfu.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>吾融山海之区，东南土瘠而燥，不蕃禾稻，雨泽稍愆，田苗立槁。明万两间，旱魃为虐，野草无青。都御史金勘灾至止，相厥士宜，将外国所传曰地瓜者教民种之。是物喜沙土，得其地则繁藤茂叶，气下注累结如蹲鸱，所将视禾稍有加，即逢旱亦可获其事。数百年来，民资以不困者，公之功也。你来传益远，且作上方之贡，天子嘉纳，召融人赴北地教民树艺法。利并及四宇矣！</p><p>揆厥自始，公之功不在后稷下，如之何其可忘耶？邑士民议建祠祀公，以志不朽。因鸠工庀材，卜地于涵阁，临海而山，左旁玉湾之麓，右起东林之坡。于兹奉俎豆，荐馨香，籍公之灵，岁其大有，饱公之德，其永无穷。</p><p>于祠之成。而为之记。</p><p> </p><p>（三）</p><p>明万历二十一年（1593），金学曾就任福建巡抚。第二年，福建发生严重干旱，谷物歉收，引发不同程度的动乱。后虽平定了动乱，但没有解决群众生计的实际问题。当时，金学曾向知识界征求赈济粮荒的良策。农历6月初，长乐鹤上青桥村人、县学生员陈经纶，将其父陈振龙冒着生命危险从吕宋带回来的朱薯藤及种植方法献给金学曾，并递交了一份推广种植朱薯的建议书。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240404164620front2_0_153532_FtiFDpOgOPuNkUv86PvDoNjOc9gP.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="647" data-qf-origin="forum/20240404164620front2_0_153532_FtiFDpOgOPuNkUv86PvDoNjOc9gP.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>金学曾非常谨慎，担心福建的土壤是否适合朱薯生长。他在此建议书上作出批示，“诚恐土性不合，所献薯藤是否可种，可传尔父：既为民食计，速即觅地试栽。俟收成之日果有成效，将薯呈验，另行通饬”。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240404164641front2_0_153532_FuYC0WaVNagX1rhhrVTY_DhHiPmO.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="720" data-qf-origin="forum/20240404164641front2_0_153532_FuYC0WaVNagX1rhhrVTY_DhHiPmO.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>之后，陈振龙父子在自家屋后“纱帽池舍傍隙地”试栽，4个月后成功收获不少朱薯。</p><p>金学曾生平第一次品尝煮熟的朱薯，口感甚佳，于是迅速通过行政途径全面推广，准饬所属郡县依法栽种。“岁大获，民赖之，名曰金薯”。自此，“八山一水一分田”的福建各地广种朱薯，对缓解粮食短缺、应对自然灾害、促进人口增长，起到了重要作用。金学曾在其《海外新传七则》一文中提到，“薯传外番，因名番薯”，可见，“番薯”的大名还是金学曾取的。而福建百姓又称番薯为“金薯”，“不忘本也”。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240404164707front2_0_153532_FliLBS9tl-77iK78bBfB7jisp3bI.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="675" height="948" data-qf-origin="forum/20240404164707front2_0_153532_FliLBS9tl-77iK78bBfB7jisp3bI.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p class="">金学曾在总结陈振龙父子经验的基础上，写成中国第一部有关番薯的专著《金薯传习略》，是中国农业科学史的一个宝贵文献。</p><p class="">清乾隆五十一年（1786），朝廷下令在全国各地推广番薯。正是在清朝的乾隆年间，中国人口史无前例地突破了1亿。清朝道光年间，全国人口更是超过了4亿。这表明，曾经长期制约我国人口增长的粮食瓶颈，在明朝晚期引种了番薯、玉蜀黍等高产作物后，得到了有效的根治。</p><p class="">道光十四年（1834），举人何则贤在福州乌石山上，倡修了一座祠庙“先薯祠”，以纪念最初引进番薯的陈振龙和番薯的主要推广者金学曾。后祠被废。现存“先薯亭”，建于1957年。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240404164855front2_0_153532_Fgpt9X2lVyUK0bspyo8G31dhcqSL.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="640" height="772" data-qf-origin="forum/20240404164855front2_0_153532_Fgpt9X2lVyUK0bspyo8G31dhcqSL.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>而同样为纪念引薯救荒、惠泽苍生的金学曾，福清的“金公祠”建于清朝中期的康熙年间，比福州“先薯祠”早了100多年。惜该祠已不存。</p><p> </p><p>（四）</p><p>《明都御史金学曾报功祠记》作者陈文炅，字仲舍，邑治西塘人。清康熙五十九年（1720）登谢道承榜举人，授任侯官县学中。其曾祖陈阳长，明万历三十一年（1603）应天乡荐，授任山西龙门县尹。从曾祖陈阳和，万历十三年（1585）乡荐，授任湖广汉阳教谕。高祖陈汤敬，明嘉靖二十五年（1546）乡荐，授琼山教谕。历世公祖在任时均十分重视立教化民，颇有政声。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240404165004front2_0_153532_FkgGZ9REtM0su6zFQXb3Gl9F7lx-.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="720" height="1279" data-qf-origin="forum/20240404165004front2_0_153532_FkgGZ9REtM0su6zFQXb3Gl9F7lx-.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>作者：严家梅，福清市首批社科专家。</p><p> </p><p>伍定瑞 整理 玉融逸闻 </p><p>2024-03-11 11:58 福建</p><p> </p><p>来源:知福清 编辑：伍定瑞</p><p style="font-weight: 400;" data-style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 3px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如有侵权留言删除</p> <!----></div> 福清原来又叫地瓜县 最爱吃的烤地瓜和地瓜干。 原来如此
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