【玉融文化】王世懋笔下的《石竹山记》
<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 676.992px; border-width: 2px 2px 8px; border-style: none none solid; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) rgb(217, 184, 99); background-color: rgb(14, 109, 72);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 20px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 676.992px; vertical-align: top; border-width: 0px; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">石竹山是福清名山，也是道家知名的“仙”山，自古以来吸引了许多名宦显官、文人墨客登临，并留下传世诗文。此中，福清人耳熟能详的是，著名地理学家、旅行家和文学家徐霞客于明万历四十八年（1620）六月游历石竹仙山后，撰写的《游九鲤湖日记》中关于石竹山的生动记述。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其实，先于徐霞客近30年的，尚有明代中后期名臣王世懋的《石竹山记》。</p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">王世懋（1536-1588），字敬美，又字季美，号麟洲，又号损斋道人，南直隶苏州太仓（今江苏太仓）人。其父王忬（1507-1560），字民应，曾任御史，巡按顺天，负责河北至辽宁一带边防。嘉靖三十一年（1552）赴闽提督军务，用俞大猷、汤克宽等为参将，屡败倭寇。不久改任蓟辽总督，进右都御史。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">王世懋幼时多病、几成肺痨，父亲特别怜爱他，不似一般父辈那样逼他苦读应试，但是他仍然手不释卷，诵读科举应试经义，并模仿八股文。父亲看后十分惊奇，认为“此子多有灵性”，决意教他写文章。嘉靖三十三年（1554），18岁的王世懋获州试第一名。嘉靖三十七年（1558），以贡生身份参加乡试，考中举人。三十八年，登进士第，入兵部办事。嘉靖三十九年（1560），父亲王忬被严嵩构陷，斩于京城西市，他持丧以归，守孝三年。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">隆庆元年（1567），皇帝为王忬案平反，其兄王世贞官复原职。隆庆三年（1569），王世懋被命为南京礼部制仪司主事，后历任仪曹员外郎、祠部员外郎、尚宝哥丞、江西布政使左参议、江西副使、陕西提学副使、浙江提学副使、福建提学副使。万历十四年（1585），升任福建布政司左参政。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">王世懋著作丰富，尤以文学作品著名，与其兄、“后七子”领袖之一、官至刑部尚书的王世贞，时被合称“东海二难”，“东海”借指其故乡太仓。王世懋晚年归隐在家养病时撰写的《学圃杂疏》三卷，是一部集实用性、科学性和艺术性于一身的园艺类农书，在我国农史、园艺史上具有重要地位。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">王世懋曾撰有《名山游记》一卷，其中《石竹山记》作于万历十二年（1583）农历二月，是王世懋在福建提学副使任上，一次公务之余顺游石竹山后写的游记。全文如下：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">石竹山高亚鼓山，而奇不能当九鲤湖。然传有九仙灵迹，且峙宏路驿旁，可顺道往。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">余以正月廿七日至宏路，入而饭，出而就舆，视石竹，眉睫间物耳。然历数培塿，循无患溪，行可十里，始至其麓。山形甚陡，不可舆，乃易小兜行。路仄径迂，舁夫枝柱跳荡，都不成步。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">仰视蒙茸中，崭岩骨露，旁标一石云“别一洞天”。至此，巨石齿错，稠木交加，扶留诘屈，缀若连理，应接不暇矣。积雨之后，藓磴加滑，点苍滴翠，弥助其幽。左望积石，平上如台，石或人立，树多侧生，则所谓仙人坪也。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 0em; letter-spacing: 0.034em; text-align: justify;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">折而右，观音岩出焉。岩石上覆，长广数丈，而下为径路，甚狭。柱而饰以榱桷，中设大士像。由岩而左，逶迤更上，石壁围环如削，镌书其上多今人诗。三石攒立，中若有窝，曰化龙窝。石纹如鹤，晴明见之，曰鹤影石。最上一石，若碑而立，不知何人草“蓬壶”二字。度蓬壶，为紫云洞，洞广不盈丈，深倍之。上压巨石，若砻而砥。左折得门，两石隘之，劣可容身，伛偻而过，稍得平壤，九仙阁托焉。由阁而左，复得一楹，僧所奉大士罗汉阁也。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">余易服礼毕，载返九仙院，默有所祷。自以学道无成，强起两载，未知税驾之所，初不萌异望也。祷毕解带，凭栏下望，阁去地可二里余，无患溪自西北来，合小溪蛇行山麓。群峰奔突四起，而中一小山，树笼其上，昂首锐尾，宛似一鱼拨刺相向，则所谓仙鲤山也。盖士人以九鲤仙，故传而神之，然则酷肖矣。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">由大士阁更折而左，为僧居及香积。其前可望龙江，浩渺接天，与九仙阁各具一胜览云。由香积而下，而一石崖，睹上有圆窦，曰出米石。复蹑而登，石壁屏立，中间可坐，摩崖而诗者，上为龚待御、王总戎，下为王佥宪。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">从石壁右而登数级，得大石焉，曰醉石，云是九仙醉卧处。去醉石数步，而卓立崖上，下临不测，一石曰摘星台。炉其上，而二石梁之以度，视太和之舍身台，称兹石奇绝云。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">立久之，更上一石屋，空其中，僧云仙人丹灶。丹灶其上，道稍穷，复返至九仙阁。而下界忽黯不辨色，空蒙中但闻滩声，祁疑薄暝，己知为雨候也。继而烟霏骤开，白练自吐，明灭倏忽。夜卧室中，滩声甚历，石床清冷，久不成寐。已而交睫，得梦甚奇，不解何祥也。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">山多幽石灌木，传以灵迹雅胜鼓山，而恨眼不见流泉。问僧，云有洒耳泉，从左下可数十步而汲，今所饮此水也。又云山下尚有虎迹崖、仙井、仙桃石。其巅有状元峰、蛎房壳、济贫笋、仙棋盘、仙履迹诸胜，大都不能胜所见也。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">上述王世懋《石竹山记》，被编入明万历版《福州府志》“舆地志”之山川篇。较之徐霞客的“游记”，王氏此文至少有两大特别之处。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">其一，内容更为丰富多彩。徐霞客在石竹山逗留前后不到一天，所到之处了了，对石竹山了解并不深入，所到仅半山亭（即观音岩）、九仙阁，其余皆泛泛概写。而王世懋在福建居官多年，对石竹山已有了解，当天又在山上宿夜，停留时间较长，故能细述别一洞天、观音岩、化龙窝、鹤影石、蓬壶石、紫云洞、九仙院（阁）、大士罗汉阁、出米石、醉石、摘星台、仙人丹灶等诸景点，又俯视仙鲤山（即今鲤鱼岛）、无患溪。而且除了大篇幅概述外，还记录了僧人向他介绍的山上酒耳泉，山下虎迹岩、仙井、仙桃石，山巅的状元峰、蛎房壳、济贫笋、仙棋盘、仙履迹等胜景，内容丰富得多。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">其二，文笔更为形象生动。这与王世懋善写文学作品有关，与参加一次童子试未过便无意功名的徐霞客相比，其文字水平自然高出一些。当然，徐氏在世界地理学史上的贡献，更让人们信服“读万卷书”，还要“行万里路”的道理。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">石竹山所写的文章作简单比较。其实，二者在至今留存不多的古代关于石竹山的文字中都是有很大价值的。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">作者：严家梅，福清市首批社科专家</span></p></section><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_G3f" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 名字第三个字不会读 历史文化底蕴很深
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