东张窑文化（五）福清东张窑的社会价值
<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（一）</span></p></section><p><br/></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: flex; flex-flow: row; justify-content: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; 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overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 650.951px; vertical-align: top; background-image: linear-gradient(-136deg, rgb(254, 248, 232) 0%, rgba(253, 228, 189, 0) 100%); align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(221, 49, 49, 0.77); line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">东张窑烧制的瓷器，在中国陶瓷史、黑釉瓷外销史以及中外陶瓷文化交流史上，都占有一定地位。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">宋元时期，福建福州港、泉州港迅速崛起，成为对外贸易的主要港口，陶瓷取代丝绸成为对外贸易的第一商品。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据宝庆元年（1225），宋太宗赵炅八世孙、曾提举福建路市舶司的赵汝适所著《诸蕃志》，以及比郑和第一次下西洋还早75年的元代民间航海家汪大渊记述海外诸国见闻的《岛夷志略》等文献记载，福建建盏等中国瓷器早已大量销往日本、朝鲜、东南亚、西亚、东非等国。</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 650.951px; vertical-align: top; background-image: linear-gradient(-90deg, rgb(255, 230, 199) 0%, rgb(255, 180, 120) 100%); line-height: 0; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; border-top-color: rgb(253, 234, 200); border-bottom-color: rgb(253, 234, 200); align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 10px; height: 5px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(253, 234, 200);"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: stretch; flex: 2 2 0%; height: auto; line-height: 0; background-image: linear-gradient(-90deg, rgb(255, 111, 112) 0%, rgb(253, 68, 70) 21%, rgb(255, 118, 119) 56%, rgb(254, 155, 156) 82%, rgb(255, 126, 127) 100%); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; border-radius: 100px; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); overflow: hidden;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 10px; height: 10px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">成书于1394-1428年间，由日本净土宗僧人圣格所撰的文献《禅林小歌》，也载有日本从中国购买黑釉盏“幅州盏”的相关记载，“胡兹盘以建盏居多，有油滴、曜变、建鳖、胡盏、汤盏、幅州盏、天目”。根据中外专家考古证实，所载“幅州盏”即“福州盏”，多出自福州府治下的福清县东张窑。700年前，包括福清一带窑群（场）烧制输出的乌金黑釉茶盏，质地轻灵，器型古朴，色泽乌金黑亮，深受日本茶界推崇。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（二）</span></p><section style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">近些年，连江空海“白礁一号”、龙海“半洋礁一号”、平潭小练岛等沉船出水后，均发现了数量不一的典型的东张窑风格黑釉盏。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1976年在韩国新安海域，以及后来在日本列岛、印尼爪哇岛等地，均有发现福清东张窑黑釉盏产品。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这些都证明了东张窑当年在国内外均有广阔的市场。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在福建省内四大宋窑中，当年东张窑址濒临福清母亲河龙江，顺流而下，当天即可扬帆出海，因此其产品有一部分被定制作为“御供”，或在国内市场销售外，更多的通过海上丝绸之路，大量出口日本、朝鲜和菲律宾等东南亚“一带一路”沿线国家。尤其在日本，建盏称为“天目碗”，被视为茶道圣器而倍加珍惜。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（三）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">福清东张窑与黄檗文化有着密切关联。明末清初，福清黄檗山万福寺住持隐元隆琦受邀东渡日本，曾带去数件宋代黑釉盏赠与德川幕府。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2016年9月15日，在美国纽约佳士得拍卖行举办的“古韵天成——临宇山人珍藏”专场拍卖会上，一件当年隐元禅师赠与德川幕府将军的油滴盏以7800万元拍出，创造了古代建盏的交易记录。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">近年，福清部分旅日侨胞开始着意收集回购东张窑佳器，包括德川家族收藏的东张窑天目茶盏。与这些精美茶盏配套的，是标有德川家徽的漆盏托。由此也再次证明，精美的东张窑茶盏，也是数百年前日本贵胄珍爱的艺术品。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：郑松波、陈霄寅。《海丝瑰宝——福清东张窑黑釉茶盏》（福建人民出版社）、《中国古陶瓷标本——福建建窑》（谢道华，岭南美术出版社）。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_G3f" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 看起来好像还可以！
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