【玉融文化】旧时福清为什么不过“腊八节”
<p><br/></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; min-width: 5%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: center;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; width: 33.8411px; flex-flow: column nowrap;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; z-index: 1;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 0;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 25px; height: auto;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px -13px; padding: 7px 19px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgb(229, 42, 12); min-width: 5%; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; color: rgb(255, 249, 219);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">过了腊八就是年</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 5%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; width: 33.8411px; flex-flow: column nowrap;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; z-index: 1; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 0; transform: rotateY(180deg);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 25px; height: auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 2px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(254, 180, 71); align-self: flex-start;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 27px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; background-color: rgb(229, 42, 12); align-self: flex-start;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(255, 249, 219);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">腊祭，起源于商朝，是中华历史悠久的民间传统文化。古云：“腊者，接也。”年终岁未新故交接，需以大祭以报功，是祭年之月，又称“腊月”。因为筹备一年一度的“丰年大庆”与溯源思祖，故以节事多多。</p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px -34px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: right; line-height: 0; transform: translate3d(28px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 108px; height: auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（一）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">在我国北方，腊月初八有过“腊八节”吃“腊八粥”的习俗。腊八这一天要喝“腊八粥”的习俗，是从宋代开始的。徐珂在《清稗类钞》中云，“腊八粥始于宋。十二月初八日，东京诸大寺以七宝五味和糯米而熬成粥，人家亦仿行之”。南宋吴自牧《梦梁录》亦载，“此月八日，寺院谓之腊八。大刹等寺，俱设五味粥，名曰腊八粥”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">据称，此俗与佛教有关，本为纪念佛教的创始者释迦牟尼。相传释迦牟尼苦苦修行，每天仅食一粒麻、一粒麦，形销骨立仍无法悟道。此时，有一牧牛女子呈献了乳糜，疲惫不堪的释迦牟尼食后元气恢复，继续端坐普提树下沉思，终于经过六年苦修，在十二月初八悟道成佛。因此在佛教领域，腊八节又称“佛成道节”“成道节”或“法宝节”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">腊八节最主要的节俗是吃腊八粥。所谓腊八粥，是将粟、枣、豆、各种果仁与米同煮成杂拌粥。过节这一天，人人吃粥，亲友互馈，说是吃后可保佑平安康宁。北京地区还传唱着一首童谣，其中有“过了腊八就是年”之说。随着佛教的流传，民间也有腊八日向穷人施舍饮食的活动。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（二）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">福清先民大多均迁自中原及江淮一带，许多节俗亦与迁出地相似。可是奇怪的是，旧时福清人不过腊八节，也不吃腊八粥。这种风习不仅福清，福州和闽中地区的一些地方也都一样。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">查寻清朝乾隆版《福清县志》，在“岁时”节中，列出了“元日”“立春”“上元”“正月二十九”“清明”“端午”“七夕”“中秋”“重九”“冬至”“腊月二十四”和“除夕”等民间年节，唯独没有“腊八节”。同样，清代所撰《福建通志》，也找不到福州和闽中民间过“腊八节”“吃腊八粥”的习俗。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">关于这个问题，古代其它文献中同样找不到答案。依笔者浅见，究其原因应该有以下几端。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">其一，福州及福清在一年的节俗中有“正月二十九”，也就是今天我们讲的“拗九节”。同北方人过腊八节一样，这一天最主要的节俗是吃“拗九糜”。所谓“拗九糜”，《福清县志》中也有介绍，“户以米、糖、果煮糜相馈”，不但吃的节食一样，而且也要亲友互馈。腊月初八距正月廿九，时间不足两个月，节俗、食俗一样，而拗九节在福州及闽中地区赋予的意义除了祈福求安之外，还增添了“孝道”的内容。于是先人们便立此舍彼，“不过腊八过拗九”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">二则，旧时福清人多地少，缺少米粮。不论是“腊八粥”或是“拗九糜”，其主要食材均为“术米”。在缺粮缺米的福清，以前许多人只有在大病时，女人只有在坐月子时才能吃到“米”，如果要在不到两个月内，筹划煮上两回同样的米糜，似乎太过奢侈。一般人家承受不起这样频繁的“过节”，于是久而久之，便变通立此舍彼了。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（三）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">当然，改革开放经济腾飞，福清人已经率先富起来、强起来，“腊八节”“拗九节”节俗自然得以恢复，按照老一辈的说法，现在的生活，已经是“天天都是在过年过节”了。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">但不论文献记载，或是民间实践，旧时福清人确实是不过腊八节，也不吃腊八粥的。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">作者：严家梅，福清市首批社科专家。</span></p></section><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_a7U" id="wcn_editor_css"/> {:5_240:}{:5_240:}{:5_240:}{:5_240:} 腊八节最主要的节俗是吃腊八粥
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