东张窑文化（三）福清东张窑的历史价值
<p><br/></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-lazy-bgimg="https://www.fqlook.cn/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/diaXEtZWWnkCswycuCJyWO49nqx9dOuf3xvO7lA2A7r25hXAN61HVvbhAxf0iclOOScI9NrDH43DmG7ZQYiaZWic4A/640?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 36px 44px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 578.254px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 100% 100%; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: url(https://www.fqlook.cn/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/diaXEtZWWnkCswycuCJyWO49nqx9dOuf3xvO7lA2A7r25hXAN61HVvbhAxf0iclOOScI9NrDH43DmG7ZQYiaZWic4A/640?wx_fmt=png);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">泱泱华夏，“瓷国”盛名遍及天下。英语单词里，China，首字母大写，是“中国”；china，首字母小写，是“瓷器”。从某种意义上说，“瓷器”已经成为古代中华文明的代名词。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">中国是世界上最早发明瓷器的国家。从商代的原始瓷器算起，至今已有3000多年历史。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">时至两宋，瓷业发展达到高峰，瓷窑遍布中华大地。借贸易之繁盛，集前代之大成，宋代瓷器生产形成了著名的“五大名窑”和风格各异的“八大窑系”。</p></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（二）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">福建建窑，就是“八大窑系”之一。建窑是当时最负盛名的黑釉瓷窑，以出产黑釉瓷独树一帜。一般认为，建窑系主窑址在今天南平市建阳区水吉镇，之后延展到今南平市的延平、武夷山和福州市的福清、闽侯、连江等地。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">福建是“海上丝绸之路”的起点和重要发祥地，特别在宋元时代，福建是中土最为重要的对外贸易窗口和生产基地，在世界文明史上留下了深刻的印记。唐宋伊始，从这里输出的大量瓷器早已取代丝绸，成为最受“一带一路”沿线国家欢迎的产品，而典型的福清东张窑黑釉瓷器，常常是其中重要的商品。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">一般认为，东张窑迄始于北宋中晚期，但在其遗址中，又可见若干颇具五代、北宋初期风格的器物。五代王审知治闽时期拓业兴农，经济繁荣，工商发达，大概就是东张窑得以兴起的一个原因。但这需要考古发掘的进一步证实。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">著名历史学家翦伯赞在其主编的《中国史纲要》中曾指出，东张窑所产瓷器与建窑齐名，是宋代福建四大窑之一，也是宋元时间福建沿海重要的以海外陶瓷贸易为主导的窑场。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">福清东张窑遗址是目前全国已发掘的、同一时期面积最大的窑场。根据考古机构和文物保护部门的勘察调查，确认东张窑遗址包括石坑、半岭、三星、岭下、芦岭、东山等村落，总面积达26万平方米，具有窑址多、分布广、产量大等特征。比之国内建窑、吉州窑等其它以黑釉著称的窑场，如以面积而论，堪称“冠绝天下”，是当时我国规模最大的黑釉茶盏窑口。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5);"/><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">作者：郑松波、陈霄寅。《海丝瑰宝——福清东张窑黑釉茶盏》（福建人民出版社）、《中国古陶瓷标本——福建建窑》（谢道华，岭南美术出版社）。</span></section></section><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_a7U" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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