【史海钩沉】也谈叶向高为何葬在异乡
<p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 677px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgb(57, 126, 48);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: right; justify-content: flex-end; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 22px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 649.917px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgb(91, 159, 82); height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高（1559-1627），从福清这个海陬边县走进大明王朝权力中枢，是福清历史上官位最显者。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">明朝自嘉靖后期，朝廷腐败、党争剧甚，国势日衰、江河日下，叶氏以一介书生，在那样的大环境下，欲挽狂澜于既倒、扶大厦之将倾，已经几无可能。故以后人对其评价，见仁见智，亦属正常。亦如许多古人一样，叶向高身后也留下了许多未解之谜，其中为何违背传统观念归葬异乡即为其一。</p></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（一）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">作为地道福清人，按常理叶向高理应归葬于福清境内，事实上其父祖及子嗣均葬于乡关，为何自己却选择背井离乡，埋在邻县闽县方岳里东台呢？难道有2000多平方公里的莽莽福清大地，竟未能找到一处能给他安心归宿的地方？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">对这个疑问，坊间传言颇多，其中最具代表性的，据称是刊于喜马拉雅平台上，一位名叫王新的人写的《叶向高与五虎山》。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">文中言及，叶向高将自己墓地选在“五虎山”，背后是段父子情深的感人故事。叶向高一生娶一妻纳一妾育三子三女。三女长大后都出嫁了，三子中次子三子均早夭于天花，唯长子叶成学长大成人。叶成学（1578-1614）急公好义，热心乡梓，曾参建福清利桥、瑞云塔，颇得人望，叶向高对他也寄有厚望。可是天不假年，36岁的叶成学在晋京探望父亲后返乡途中染上风寒，病故于闽融交界的山路上。叶向高为此痛不欲生，心碎肠断。唯在每次回家路上，都要特意在儿子故去的山中停留，凭吊爱子，还把此处山岭取名为“常思岭”，以寄托哀思。正因若此，他在与此山岭隔空相望的东台一座小山上给自己修了一座大墓。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">文章讲得有鼻子眼，还很生动感人，让人以为这是事实。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（二）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">其实不然，王新先生编的只是故事，事实断然不是这样。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">我们从叶向向晚年自编的年记（年谱）《蘧编》中可见端倪。关于叶成学之死，叶氏在《蘧编》卷九中云：“至杭州，闻儿成学病，遂兼程行。以十月初三日抵家，而儿以初一日亡。儿轻财好义，急人之困甚于己，绝得乡曲心。其病也，合邑之人为之奔走、祈祷，而竟不能救。岂余之罪愆叼滥愈涯有以致之耶？”</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">叶向高在其为儿子亲撰的《叶成学墓志铭》中亦云，“岁癸丑，来京省侍，恰逢余以一品考满，录一子尚宝司丞。儿先以余荫入太学，至是乃改为司丞。拜官仅月余，即以使事归。抵舍不数月，病亡，时万历甲寅十二月初一日，得年仅三十六。余蒙恩赐告，行至武林，闻儿病，仓皇疾趋，比至，而儿亡己两日，竟不及见”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">由此可见，叶成学病亡非在途中，且病期不可能很短。叶成学故去后，暮年失子的叶向高亲自为其择选位于福清县新宁里华阳山（今东张镇里坪村）的墓地。叶向高素善堪舆，据他讲，此地是“龙顾祖格”，风水宝地。若他想与爱子长叙父子深情，何不葬此，日夕相依。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（三）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">关于东台墓地如何选定，同样在叶向高《蘧编》里可以觅见。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">《蘧编》卷十九云：“二月二十三日，为亡妻一品夫人俞氏造茔于闽县方岳里。先是，夫人族弟俞心墀屡为余言，此地吉也。夫人以其去吾邑远，呵止之。迨去秋有省行，念夫人当卜吉，盍便道一审视，以谢言者。遂同心墀远见其佳甚，命孙蕃从陈氏贸得之。是山大势，发脉吾邑北湖山，至常思公馆，过细突起五周岩，逶迤东北行为台岭，遂分二支。其东行者，长乐、福清二邑地。北行者，则至吾坟而止。此其大概也。计蜿蜒七八里，迭起迭伏，双髻巍然。中一脉跌落即拔起，落处不盈亩。而迎送迴合，若抱持然。既起大山，而左一角弯环田中者，龙臂也。其正脉则三四折，磊落皆大山。忽复跌落平田一席地，说者谓有峰腰鹤膝之致，再起则坟之顶也。开障状如半环，有长阜伏草中，尽处小山隐立，而松柏苍然者，则穴在焉。圆秀深稳，殆无其匹。穴中土皆金星。又有一道横亘，圹前广可三寸，五色灿然，穴适当其中。然顶山趋右者，势如贯珠，更雄峻。外收水而内作案，案可方几，与左者会于是，内堂之水出焉。水右绕案外去，故特深坚厚。形家以甲山庚向者，宜亲虎减龙，殆其然欤。更外侧石鼓、金鸡二山抵其口，而石鼓曳，一坡逆来触之，若不听水去，于法尤奇。案外复有马山、北湖山与近而三矣。山形盖顾祖云往来，观者多称羡。”</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">由此可见，叶氏决定把自己与俞夫人葬在闽县，始作俑者为他的族郎舅俞心墀。其次，从他这样不厌其烦详尽介绍东台坟地的地形地貌和风水，竟无半字言及其子成学，可见父子情深之说无据。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">如今从相思岭往东望去，是方圆四五十里的小盆地，东边的半山腰，有座圆圆的小山丘，小山丘的中央，那座气势恢弘的古墓，便是叶向高之墓。这座小山丘背后有七座连绵起伏的山峰，呈扇形环抱，堪舆学上称作“七星坠地”，这无疑与叶向高“长宜子孙”的心愿一致。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">叶向高一生笃信堪舆，并颇有研究，这样的风水宝地，自然是不会轻易放弃的。其自编年记，已将自己与俞氏的墓地选在闽县方岳里东台的真实缘由披露无遗。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">（四）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">叶向高第13世裔孙、文史学者叶立俊认为，叶向高逝世后葬于东台，与他的一品夫人俞氏直接相关。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">同时，叶立俊先生认为，值得一讨论的是，叶向高陵园并非完全叶向高所选，说“葬在”，可能较为符合史实。</span></p><section style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">事实是，崇祯朝曾多次廷议首辅叶向高善后之事，最终御赐“开圹合葬”于一品夫人俞氏“赐茔”。《蘧编》中也曾记述叶向高其时向天启皇帝报告过俞氏夫人病逝之事，天启皇帝照例决定“赐茔”。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">至于王新先生的文中，将叶向高墓地所在“东台”写作“五虎山”，事实上五虎离此何止30里。连地名都搞错了，足见其真实性何如。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">再有文中把早就定名的“常思岭（相思岭）”，也说成是叶向高为思念爱子所为，这类生拉硬扯、张冠李戴的文字，都说明王新先生的所编文字只是一则虚构的故事，决非史实。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">作者：严家梅，福清市首批社科专家库专家。</span></p></section><p>来源：知福清</p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_LQQ" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 三朝元辅还有这段历史 叶向高应该是福清出过最大的官了吧 闽县是指闽侯吗？ 长知识了，活到老，学到老 长知识了，活到老，学到老
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