海边保命指南：看着很安全，一不留神人就没了！
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">炎炎夏日去海边玩水解暑太爽了。然而，根据报告显示，我国每年约有 5.9 万人死于溺水，其中未成年人占 95% 以上。在一些表面看起来安全的区域，也藏着杀人不眨眼的危险。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">悄无声息的杀手：离岸流</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">海水一浪接一浪拍向沙滩，有来就有回，怎么回到大海中去？靠的就是离岸流。据统计，大约 90% 的海边溺水是因为离岸流引起的，每年国内外有成百上千人死于离岸流溺水。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">离岸流｜UNSW</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">虽然离岸流的宽度一般只有几米，深度常在成年人腰部附近，但流速极快，最快可达每秒 3 米，而普通人在平静的泳池里游泳，速度也不过每秒游个一两米。在强力的离岸流带领下，一个不留神人已经被带到海里去了。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">远离危险，就要识别危险。在海边玩时，要远离看起来和周围环境不一样的海流，特别是颜色不同的海流，因为离岸流的含沙量较高，所以颜色可能不同于周边水体 。有时候离岸流有更多的泡沫，看起来更汹涌；有时候也像海浪开了个安静的缺口，水流看起来还挺平静的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">各种形态的离岸流，有的平静有的湍急｜Stephen Leatherman</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">还有一个误区也值得注意，很多人会以为波浪小的地方安全。但在发生离岸流的海滩，波浪破碎弱的地方反而更危险，那里的离岸流最大；而波浪破碎强的地方，反而是向着海岸方向的水流更强，即使不慎被冲倒，水流也倾向于将人推向岸边。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">当你在浅水区察觉到一股强有力的水流时，就要立即离开。只要水还没有到达腰部，一步一步稳稳移动或者侧身走出水流，还是可能平安上岸的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">然而，要是发生离岸流时，水已经涨到了胸口，对抗水流已经比较困难。这时要保持冷静，要是不太会游泳，就要立即呼救。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">对付离岸流，美国国家气象局（NWS）表示，游泳者不要试图挣扎对抗，应该先顺着离岸流漂，当漂到一定远处后，离岸流就会汇入大海而消散，这时再从侧边游回来。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">离岸流并不会把你拽到海底去，漂浮在水面上也好过和水流对抗，保持一定体力。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">离岸流宣导海报｜臺灣海洋教育中心</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">最后，最重要的还是看海边的公告牌。要下水的话先和救生员了解海况，并寻找离岸流警示牌，尽量不要独自下海，并在救生员的视线范围内游泳。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">水母、阳光、雷电也要注意</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">溺水是在海边游玩的头号风险，除此之外，还有很多看得见和看不见的危险，比如伤人的生物、阳光和雷电。游玩时务必遵守海滩的规定，并小心这些泳池中遇不到的问题：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">不穿鞋，可能踩中可怕的东西</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">光脚走在细沙上很舒服，但无论在海水中还是沙滩上，脚底都有可能受到海中生物或锋利石头的伤害。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">光脚踩中海胆的疼痛不必多说，刺伤还可能导致呼吸困难、休克等中毒反应，并持续对关节和神经造成损伤。踩中珊瑚也可能导致中毒和过敏反应，在数小时至数周后出现皮炎，建议发现后立即冲洗伤口，热水浸泡（40℃~45℃）并及时就诊。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">图库版权图片，转载使用可能引发版权纠纷</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">有时什么都没看到，上岸才发现皮肤又红又痛，那可能是碰到了透明的水母触手。所有水母都会蜇人，其中一部分水母的毒液会伤害人类。蜇伤不仅造成触电样刺痛，还可能造成心力衰竭、急性肺水肿和肝肾功能损害等，病死率约 0.1%~0.3%。被蜇伤后建议用海水反复冲洗（淡水增加毒素释放，加重症状），并用卡片等清除皮肤上的触手，热水浸泡蜇伤部位 20 分钟并及时就诊。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">人类游乐场，也是病原体聚集地</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">海水和沙子里都游荡着能伤害人类的病原体，游玩时不要给它们入侵的机会。创伤弧菌等病原体可以通过微小的伤口进入人体，包括不穿鞋造成的脚底刺伤，以及擦伤、抓伤、新打的耳洞和新纹身等，并导致肌肉坏死、脓毒症和截肢。如果身上有未痊愈的伤口，应该避免直接接触海水，万一在海边被割伤，建议挤出伤口里的海水和血液，消毒伤口，严重时到医院进一步处理。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">即使没有伤口，皮肤上也会沾染海水和沙子里的病毒、细菌和寄生虫，离开海滩时和吃喝前及时洗手，可以减少它们造成肠胃炎的风险。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">一名男性纹身后在海水中感染创伤弧菌，休克并死亡 </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">躺在海边，小心别睡着了</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">海边的沙子和海水都会反射紫外线，即使阴天多云，皮肤也有可能被晒伤。怕晒黑的人，会主动用伞、帽子和防晒衣遮挡阳光，并及时补涂防晒霜。而享受阳光的人，可能忽略防晒或不小心在阳光下睡着，造成晒伤、皮肤老化出现斑点，以及皮肤癌风险升高。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">另外，长时间暴露在阳光下，还会带来脱水和热射病的风险。天气炎热的时候，建议减少剧烈运动、多待在阴凉处、多喝水、少喝酒精饮料。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">打雷闪电？快收拾东西避一避</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">没有阳光的日子，海边也可能成为危险的地方，特别是乌云聚集的时候。发现有可能下雨或听到雷声后，建议尽快收拾好东西离开海滩，进入大型建筑物内或者待在有硬顶的车辆内。不要停留在没有遮蔽的海上或沙滩上、遮阳伞或小雨棚下，以免遭受雷击。等到雷声停止30分钟后，再返回海滩。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">吹着海风、漫步沙滩很美好，但大海也有无情的一面，外出游玩，安全第一！</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: PingFang SC, XHW-pzh, Lantinghei SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Zen Hei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">来源：科普中国</p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_SIi" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 大海是真的很美{:5_232:} 海边挖呀挖呀挖。 悄无声息的杀手：离岸流。 身为福清人我看到海面貌似晕乎乎的。 FHC8 发表于 2023-7-18 19:51大海是真的很美
<p>但也很危险哦</p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_SIi" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 半度微凉 发表于 2023-7-18 20:15
海边挖呀挖呀挖。
<p>挖一挖待会儿人没了</p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_SIi" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 这是杀人浪，请勿靠近{:5_240:} 海边很美，安全第一 海边很美，安全第一
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